. 2014 Oct 30;50(3):730–749. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12253

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of All Participants in Original Study Sample

	All		Comparison Group		Intervention Group		p-value
	%	(n)	%	(n)	%	(n)	p-value
Overall	100.0	(1,483)	100.0	(819)	100.0	(664)
Row %			55.2		44.8
Clinic
Bellingham	14.1	238	16.4	134	13.0	86	<.001^*
Marysville	16.6	279	20.5	168	13.4	89
Mount Vernon	21.4	360	23.2	190	14.5	96
Puyallup	9.7	163	8.5	70	11.0	73
Seattle	23.2	391	19.9	163	28.6	190
Tacoma	15.1	254	11.5	94	19.6	130
Age (years)
18–39	13.8	233	13.7	112	14.9	99	.581^*
40–49	25.5	430	24.4	200	26.2	174
50–59	34.7	585	35.0	287	34.8	231
60–69	25.9	437	26.9	220	24.1	160
Mean ± SD	52.4 ± 11.0		52.7 ± 11.1		52.0 ± 10.9		.216^†
Gender
Female	51.2	863	49.3	404	52.7	350	.214^*
Male	48.8	822	50.7	415	47.3	314	.214^*
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	32.3	544	36.6	300	27.0	179	<.001^*
Hispanic	55.5	935	51.3	420	60.4	401
Other	12.2	206	12.1	99	12.7	84
Health insurance
Private	50.6	852	49.8	408	49.4	328	.444^*
Public	29.7	501	30.5	250	28.5	189
No insurance	19.7	332	19.7	161	22.1	147
Language
English	57.2	963	67.5	553	46.8	311	<.001^*
Spanish	42.3	712	32.0	262	52.7	350
Both	0.6	10	0.5	4	0.5	3
Tobacco use
Never	62.0	1,045	64.5	528	59.5	395	.758^*
Past	5.8	97	6.1	50	4.8	32
Current	12.9	218	13.3	109	12.8	85
No. of PCP visits
1–2	40.1	676	40.5	332	39.3	261	.433^*
3–4	26.5	447	28.1	230	25.5	169
5–6	16.1	272	15.1	124	16.9	112
≥7	17.2	290	16.2	133	18.4	122
Mean ± SD	4.1 ± 3.3		3.9 ± 3.2		4.2 ± 3.4		.198^†
Diagnosed with depression
No	90.9	1,531	90.6	742	90.7	602	.962^*
Yes	9.1	154	9.4	77	9.3	62	.962^*
Diabetes complications severity index (DCSI)
0	87.4	1,472	88.0	721	86.6	575	.329^*
1	8.3	140	7.4	61	9.5	63
≥2	4.3	73	4.5	37	3.9	26
Mean ± SD	0.2 ± 0.6		0.2 ± 0.6		0.2 ± 0.5		.888^†
Diabetes medications
Oral only	55.4	933	59.6	488	51.5	342	<.001^*
None	2.1	35	3.4	28	0.6	4
Insulin (any combination)	37.5	632	29.1	238	45.8	304
Hemoglobin A1C (%) baseline value
Mean ± SD	8.2 ± 1.6		8.0 ± 1.6		8.4 ± 1.6		<.001^†
HbA1C no. of measurements
No	51.9	875	62.4	511	54.8	364	<.001^*
Yes	32.5	547	30.2	247	45.2	300	<.001^*
HbA1C <7.0%
No	43.0	725	46.0	377	52.4	348	<0.001^*
Yes	17.4	294	23.7	194	15.1	100	<0.001^*
Endocrinology referral (within 12 months)
No	86.5	1,458	98.0	803	98.6	655	.492^*
Yes	1.5	25	2.0	16	1.4	9	.492^*
Ophthalmology referral (within 12 months)
No	80.3	1,353	93.0	762	89.0	591	.008^*
Yes	7.7	130	7.0	57	11.0	73	.008^*
Microalbuminuria screen (within 12 months)
No	36.1	608	42.9	351	38.7	257	.113^*
Yes	51.9	874	57	467	61.3	407	.113^*
Retinal exam (within 12 months)
No	68.1	1,148	82.2	673	71.5	475	<.001^*
Yes	19.8	334	17.7	145	28.5	189	<.001^*
Foot exam (within 12 months)
No	58.5	985	70.9	581	60.8	404	<.001^*
Yes	29.5	497	28.9	237	39.2	260	<.001^*
Blood pressure (<130/80)
No	37.7	635	43.6	357	41.9	278	.030^*
Yes	36.0	607	46.3	379	34.3	228	.030^*
LDL cholesterol (<100)
No	23.1	389	24.2	198	28.8	191	.799^*
Yes	16	270	17.2	141	19.4	129	.799^*
PCP visits
Mean ± SD	4.0 ± 3.3		3.9 ± 3.2		4.2 ± 3.5		0.036^†

Chi-square test of homogeneity.

^†

Two-sample t-test for difference in means.