Landmarks and dimensions used for morphometric analyses. Landmarks and dimensions used to measure body size and head size in NF stages ≤ 66 (a) and size and shape of lower jaw skeleton (LJ), ceratohyal (CH), branchial arch (BA), alar process (AP) and thyroid process (TP) cartilages and hyoglossal foramen (HGF) in NF stages 46–59 (b), 59–66 (c), 66+ to adults (d) and medium to large adults (e). All landmark and dimensions are described in Appendices 1 and 2.