Table 2. Randomized phase differences in gain scores for Astym vs. EE, calculated using baseline score minus four week score.

Reported are the means and std deviations in parentheses, p values and effect sizes.

Comparison of gain scores	Eccentric exercise group	Astym treatment group	Significance	Effect size (95% confidence interval)	Power
Primary outcome
Gain DASH (0 → 100)	↓7.8	↓13.3	t = − 2.0	0.42	n = 90
	(13.2)	(12.9)	p = 0.047	(0.00, 0.84)	power:50%
Secondary measures
Gain Pain with activity (VAS)(in mm)	↓13 (28)	↓24 (27)	t = − 1.8	0.40	n = 80
			p = 0.08	(−0.05, 0.84)	power:43%
Gain Maximum grip strength (lbs)	↓1.9	↑9.4	t = 2.7	0.62	n = 79
	(15.9)	(18.5)	p = 0.008	(0.16, 1.07)	power:78%
Gain Function (VAS) (in mm)	↑12(28)	↑15(28)	t = 0.6	0.14	n = 75
			p = 0.55	(−0.31, 0.60)	power: 9%

Notes.

DASH, a decrease (↓) means less disability.

Function, an increase means greater functional ability.