TABLE 2.
HIV Prevalence Among Injection Drug Users (IDUs) Before (Pre-Exchange) and After (Post-Exchange) Implementation of Large-Scale Syringe Exchange Programs: New York City, 1990–2008
| HIV Prevalence Among Pre-Exchange IDUs, No./Total (%) | HIV Prevalence Among Post-Exchange IDUs, No./Total (%) | Prevalence Difference, % (as % of Pre-Exchange Prevalence)a | Post-Exchange vs Pre-Exchange IDUs, OR (95% CI) | Post-Exchange vs Pre-Exchange IDUs, AOR (95% CI)b | |
| Total | 595/1203 (49) | 64/1109 (6) | 43 (88) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.08) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.10) |
| Whites | 62/226 (27) | 9/333 (3) | 24 (89) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.15) | 0.09 (0.35, 0.15) |
| Male MSM IDUs | 4/15 (27) | 1/10 (10) | 17 (63) | 0.31 (0.03, 3.24) | 0.51 (0.04, 6.48) |
| Female IDUs | 17/48 (35) | 7/103 (7) | 28 (81) | 0.13 (0.05, 0.35) | 0.14 (0.05, 0.37) |
| Non-MSM male IDUs | 41/163 (25) | 1/220 (0.5) | 25 (98) | 0.01 (0.002, 0.10) | 0.02 (0.002, 0.11) |
| African Americans | 225/396 (57) | 20/137 (15) | 42 (74) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.22) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.21) |
| MSM IDUs | 17/27 (63) | 6/15 (40) | 23 (37) | 0.39 (0.11, 1.43) | 0.37 (0.10, 1.42) |
| Female IDUs | 39/69 (57) | 7/42 (17) | 40 (70) | 0.15 (0.06, 0.39) | 0.15 (0.06, 0.40) |
| Non-MSM male IDUs | 169/300 (56) | 7/80 (9) | 47 (84) | 0.07 (0.03, 0.17) | 0.08 (0.03, 0.17) |
| Hispanic | 308/581 (53) | 35/639 (5) | 48 (91) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.08) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.08) |
| MSM IDUs | 23/32 (72) | 3/30 (10) | 62 (86) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.18) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.20) |
| Female IDUs | 54/104 (52) | 11/125 (9) | 43 (83) | 0.09 (0.04, 0.18) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.18) |
| Non-MSM male IDUs | 231/445 (52) | 21/484 (4) | 48 (92) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.07) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.08) |
Note. MSM = men who have sex with men; OR = odds ratio; AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
a
The first number represents the absolute percentage difference in HIV prevalence between post-exchange IDUs and pre-exchange IDUs. The second number expresses that difference as a percentage of HIV prevalence among pre-exchange IDUs.
b
Adjusted for gender, MSM behavior (i.e., whether or not male participants had sex with other men), and age within race/ethnic groups and for age within gender and MSM behavior subgroups.