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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Neuroimmunol. 2015 May 13;284:57–66. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.05.008

Figure 7. Schematic representation showing signal transduction for TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-10 modulation of claudin-5 expression in bEnd.3 cells.

Figure 7

This study shows that the loss of claudin-5 from paracellular domains induced by TNF-α and IL-6 (0.1, 1.0, 10 ng/ml) is mediated through a PI3K dependent pathway, since pharmacological inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 (25 μM) preserved paracellular claudin-5 expression. The chemokine MCP-1 (0.1, 1.0, 10 ng/ml) also induced loss of claudin-5 from paracellular domains, but this is mediated through a PI3K independent pathway as LY294002 did not preserve claudin-5 expression. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (0.1, 1.0, 10 ng/ml) had no effect on claudin-5 expression and attenuated the paracellular loss induced by TNF-α and IL-6 (1.0, 10 ng/ml).