Table A2.

List of compounds significantly different in both the initial and follow-up studies

	Initial Study (23)			Current Study
Metabolite†	FC‡	Direction§	Padj**	FC‡	Direction§	Padj**
1,5-Anhydroglucitol	0.4	Down	<0.00000	0.13	Down	<0.00000
2-Deoxytetronic acid	1.4	Up	0.04390	1.12	Up	0.00384
2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid	2.2	Up	0.00061	2.44	Up	<0.00000
3,6-Anhydrogalactose	4.3	Up	<0.00000	1.82	Up	0.00002
4-Hydroxybutyric acid	2.5	Up	<0.00000	1.23	Up	0.02300
5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid	2	Up	0.00002	1.41	Up	0.03900
Adenosine-5-phosphate	0.5	Down	0.00113	0.52	Down	0.00021
Arabinose	1.6	Up	0.01850	1.59	Up	0.00755
Arachidonic acid	0.7	Down	0.00136	0.57	Down	0.00065
Creatinine	0.6	Down	0.01130	0.36	Down	0.00374
Cysteine	0.7	Down	0.03990	0.67	Down	0.03400
Erythritol	1.6	Up	0.01140	1.85	Up	0.00391
Galactinol	2.6	Up	0.00964	1.15	Up	0.04980
Galactonic acid	2.2	Up	<0.00000	1.61	Up	0.00531
Glucose	3	Up	<0.00000	2.08	Up	<0.00000
Glycerol-α-phosphate	0.6	Down	0.00003	0.52	Down	0.00091
Indole-3-lactate	2.2	Up	0.00114	2.08	Up	0.00379
Isocitric acid	1.4	Up	0.02390	1.56	Up	0.00564
Isoleucine	1.9	Up	0.01870	1.43	Up	0.01250
Isothreonic acid	1.5	Up	0.00584	1.69	Up	0.00415
Lactobionic acid	3.2	Up	0.00044	2.86	Up	<0.00000
Maltose	3.1	Up	<0.00000	2.50	Up	<0.00000
Oleic acid	0.7	Down	0.03470	0.68	Down	0.04830
Pipecolic acid	2	Up	0.00901	1.85	Up	0.03890
Saccharic acid	3.3	Up	<0.00000	1.64	Up	0.01020
Sorbitol	2.4	Up	0.00048	2.27	Up	0.00003
Threonic acid	0.7	Down	0.00209	0.36	Down	<0.00000
Tyrosine	0.9	Down	0.03990	0.65	Down	0.03700
Valine	2	Up	0.00785	1.43	Up	0.04440

^*GC-TOF.

^†Metabolite name reported as a BinBase identifier.

^‡Fold change of means in diabetic vs. nondiabetic animals.

^§Direction in change relative to nondiabetic animals.

^**False discovery rate adjusted P value.