. 2015 Mar 20;308(11):H1336–H1342. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00911.2014

Table 2.

Thermal and hemodynamic variables before (rest) and during (heating) lower body heating

Thermal Status	AB	TSCI	CSCI	Group	Thermal	Interaction
Esophageal temperature, °C
Rest	36.8 ± 0.2	36.7 ± 0.2	36.5 ± 0.5	0.264	<0.001	0.046
Heating	37.8 ± 0.2^*	37.6 ± 0.2^*	37.6 ± 0.5^*	0.264	<0.001	0.046
Mean skin temperature, °C
Rest	35.3 ± 0.3	35.0 ± 0.6	34.7 ± 0.8	0.001	<0.001	0.353
Heating	38.2 ± 0.4	37.9 ± 0.5	37.1 ± 0.5	0.001	<0.001	0.353
Mean upper body temperature, °C
Rest	35.0 ± 0.3	34.7 ± 0.3	34.4 ± 0.7	<0.001	<0.001	0.392
Heating	36.9 ± 0.2	36.4 ± 0.3	35.9 ± 0.3	<0.001	<0.001	0.392
Cardiac output, l/min
Rest	5.7 ± 0.6	5.4 ± 0.6	4.6 ± 0.5^†	<0.001	<0.001	0.024
Heating	8.0 ± 1.3^*	7.0 ± 0.9^*^†	5.9 ± 0.5^*^†^‡	<0.001	<0.001	0.024
Heart rate, beats/min
Rest	67 ± 6	59 ± 8	60 ± 7	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Heating	97 ± 5^*	79 ± 8^*^†	72 ± 8^*^†	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Stroke volume, ml
Rest	86 ± 7	91 ± 16	79 ± 16	0.479	0.614	0.144
Heating	83 ± 15	89 ± 16	88 ± 17	0.479	0.614	0.144
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg
Rest	87 ± 11	93 ± 11	78 ± 14^‡	0.214	0.569	0.033
Heating	86 ± 10	86 ± 11^*	83 ± 10	0.214	0.569	0.033
Total peripheral resistance, mmHg/l
Rest	15.2 ± 2.3	17.1 ± 2.6	17.1 ± 4.1	0.113	<0.001	0.199
Heating	11.0 ± 1.8	12.6 ± 2.0	14.1 ± 2.2	0.113	<0.001	0.199

Values are means ± SD.

P < 0.05 from rest;

^†

from AB;

^‡

from TSCI for the post hoc tests.

P values indicate the results of two-way ANOVA with repeated measures using within-subjects effect for thermal status (rest and heating) and between subjects effect for groups (AB, TSCI, and CSCI).