Table 1.
Comparisons between participants diagnosed with HbA1c < 48 mmol/mol and with HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol at diagnosis and recruitment.
| n with data | HbA1c < 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) | HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographical data | ||||
| Age | 1488 | 58.73 (±10.36) | 54.87 (±11.07) | <0.0001 |
| Gender (% male) | 1488 | 188 (55.46) | 632 (55.00) | 0.8829 |
| Ethnicity (%) | 1488 | |||
| White | 218 (64.31) | 528 (45.95) | <0.0001 | |
| Black | 98 (28.91) | 491 (42.73) | ||
| Asian | 23 (6.78) | 130 (11.31) | ||
|
| ||||
| Median (IQR) HbA1c at diagnosis | ||||
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 1488 | 44.26 (42.08–45.35), | 58.47 (51.91–82.52) | <0.0010 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.20 (6.00–6.30) | 7.50 (6.90–9.70) | ||
|
| ||||
| Cardiovascular risk factors (SD) at diagnosis | ||||
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 1211 | 2.86 (±0.98) | 3.67 (±21.83) | 0.5313 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1251 | 1.28 (±0.67) | 1.24 (±0.44) | 0.1750 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1357 | 4.70 (±1.32) | 4.90 (±1.50) | 0.0053 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1273 | 1.40 (±0.85) | 1.59 (±1.29) | 0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1380 | 30.77 (±7.74) | 31.60 (8.40) | 0.0035 |
| BPS (mmHg) | 1409 | 133.96 (±16.84) | 134.65 (±16.28) | 0.5087 |
| BPD (mmHg) | 1409 | 80.00 (±11.00) | 82.00 (±12.00) | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||
| Complication status, HbA1c medication status at recruitment | ||||
| Retinopathy (%) | 1335 | 30 (9.43) | 80 (7.86) | 0.3749 |
| Microalbuminuria (%) | 1237 | 37 (12.76) | 158 (16.68) | 0.1279 |
| Sensory neuropathy (%) | 1368 | 32 (10.16) | 70 (6.65) | 0.0393 |
| MI (%) | 1482 | 24 (7.08) | 55 (4.81) | 0.1026 |
| Stroke (%) | 1479 | 8 (2.37) | 40 (3.50) | 0.3042 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 1395 | 42.08 (38.80–44.26) | 50.82 (45.35–60.65) | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.00 (5.70–6.20) | 6.80 (6.30–7.40) | ||
| Receiving insulin (%) | 1481 | 6 (1.78) | 43 (3.76) | 0.0743 |
| Receiving oral diabetes agents (%) | 1470 | 97 (29.1) | 704 (61.9) | <0.0001 |