Table 1.

Presence and function of purinergic P1 and P2 receptors in neural precursor cells and mesenchymal stem cells.

	Neural precursor cells (NPCs)		Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
P1/P2	Presence	Effect	Presence	Effect
A1	+	n.d.	+	Lipogenic activity Gharibi et al. (2011)
A2A	+	n.d.	+	Maintainace of osteoblastic differentiation; ↑ adipogenesis Gharibi et al. (2011)
A2B	+	n.d.	+	↑Osteogenesis Ham and Evans (2012)
A3	n.d.	n.d.	+	n.d.
P2X1	n.d.	n.d.	+	n.d.
P2X2	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
P2X3	n.d.	n.d.	+	n.d.
P2X4	+	n.d.	+	n.d.
P2X5	n.d.	n.d.	+	↑Osteogenesis Zippel et al. (2012)
P2X6	+	↓ Migration after ischemia Vergni et al. (2009)	+	↓ Osteogenesis Zippel et al. (2012)
P2X7	+	↓ Proliferation; ↑ neuronal differentiation Tsao et al. (2013) ↑Apoptosis Delarasse et al. (2009), Messemer et al. (2013) ↓ Migration after ischemia Vergni et al. (2009) ↑Innate phagocytosis Lovelace et al. (2015)	+	↑Osteogenesis and mineralization Sun et al. (2013), Noronha-Matos et al. (2014)
P2Y1	+	↑Proliferation Mishra et al. (2006), Boccazzi et al. (2014) ↑Migration Grimm et al. (2010) ↓ Proliferation in the presence of high growth factor concentration Stafford et al. (2007)	+	↓ Proliferation Coppi et al. (2007) ↑Adipogenesis Ciciarello et al. (2013)
P2Y2	+	↑Proliferation Mishra et al. (2006) ↓ Migration after ischemia Vergni et al. (2009)	+	↓ Osteogenesis Zippel et al. (2012)
P2Y4	n.d.	n.d.	+	↑Adipogenesis Zippel et al. (2012), Ciciarello et al. (2013)
P2Y6	+	n.d.	+	n.d.
P2Y11	n.d.	n.d.	+	↑Adipogenesis Zippel et al. (2012) ↑Proliferation, migration, cytochine release Fruscione et al. (2011)
P2Y12	+	n.d.	+	n.d.
P2Y13	+	n.d.	+	↑Osteogenesis, ↓ adipogenesis Biver et al. (2013)
P2Y14	+	n.d.	+	n.d.

+, Presence; n.d., not detected; ↑, stimulation; ↓, inhibition. The presence of purinergic receptors in NSCs was established by Stafford et al. (2007), in MSCs by Ferrari et al. (2011) and Zippel et al. (2012).