TABLE 5.

Osteoarticular infections and the percentage caused by Staphylococcus aureus^a

Type of osteoarticular infection and reference	Study type	No. of cases (no. of cases with microbiologic diagnosis)	Region	Time period (yr)	Population	Predominant causative organism	% of infections caused by S. aureus (% caused by MRSA)
Nonvertebral osteomyelitis
382	Prospective observational, single center	166	Oxford, UK		Chronic OM	MSSA	32
383	Retrospective, single center	454 (454)	USA	1982–1998	Adults treated at HITH; 52% diabetic foot infections, 6% vertebral infections, 19% long bone infections	MSSA	54
Vertebral osteomyelitis
384	Retrospective	70 (44)	St. Louis, MO, USA		Adults with hematogenous VOM	MSSA	55 (22)
385	Retrospective	137	Denmark	1978–1982	Adults with hematogenous VOM
386	Retrospective, multicenter	253	Cleveland, OH, USA	1950–1994	All ages with VOM	MSSA	49
387	Retrospective, single center	129 (74)	Cambridge, UK	1998–2008	All ages with VOM	MSSA	51
388	Retrospective, single center	58	Sweden	1990–2005	All ages with VOM	MSSA	34
Native joint septic arthritis
393	Retrospective	233	Switzerland	1999–2008	Adults with hematogenous NJSA	MSSA	49.3 (4.7)
394	Retrospective	81 (59)	Cambodia	2007–2011	Children with NJSA and OM	MSSA	49 (2)
395	Retrospective, single center	44 (24)	Victoria, Australia		Children with acute NJSA	MSSA	76 (8)
396	Retrospective, single center	53	Japan	1955–2005	Adults with hematogenous NJSA	MSSA
397	Retrospective, single center	65 (28)	Saudi Arabia	1997–2006	Children with NJSA	MSSA	39
398	Retrospective, single center	110	Israel	1987–2003	Adults with NJSA	MSSA	40
Prosthetic joint infection
402	Retrospective, 10 hospitals	147	Victoria, Australia	2006–2008	Early-onset infections	MSSA	53
403	Prospective, 9 hospitals	50	Spain	2004–2006	Adults with hematogenous PJI	MSSA	38
404	Prospective, single center	38 (27)	Norway	1998–2005	Adults with early hip PJI	MSSA	37
405	Prospective, single center	152 (90)	Oxford, UK		Adults with PJI having 2-stage replacements	CoNS	18
403	Prospective, 9 hospitals	139 (132)	Spain	2004–2006	Adults with early PJI	MSSA	40 (12)
406	Retrospective, single center	112	Oxford, UK	1998–2003	Adults with PJI treated with DAIR	MSSA	73 (8)

^aOM, osteomyelitis; VOM, vertebral osteomyelitis; MSSA, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; CoNS, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; HITH, hospital in the home; PJI, prosthetic joint infection; DAIR, debridement and implant retention; NJSA, native joint septic arthritis.