Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Depression
Systematic review	People following deliberate self-harm 4 RCTs in this analysis	Depression (assessed by Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) with problem-solving therapy with usual care Absolute results not reported	SMD –0.36 95% CI –0.61 to –0.11 P = 0.004	Effect size not calculated	problem-solving therapy
Hopelessness
Systematic review	People following deliberate self-harm 3 RCTs in this analysis	Hopelessness (assessed by Beck Hopelessness Scale, 0–20 scale with 20 = most hopelessness) with problem-solving therapy with usual care Absolute results not reported	WMD –2.97 95% CI –4.81 to –1.13 P = 0.002	Effect size not calculated	problem-solving therapy
Problem-solving
Systematic review	People following deliberate self-harm 2 RCTs in this analysis	'Improved problems' with problem-solving therapy with usual care Absolute results not reported	OR 2.31 95% CI 1.29 to 4.13 P = 0.004	Moderate effect size	problem-solving therapy