Table 1.
Cognitive and Linguistic Participant Demographics.
| Measure | Monolinguals | Bilinguals |
|---|---|---|
| N | 20 | 20 |
| Age | 22.95 (3.80) | 22.45 (5.35) |
| Performance IQ (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; Wechsler, 1999) | 112.35 (9.44) | 110.30 (10.28) |
| Working Memory: Digit Span (Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing; Wagner et al., 1999) | 12.30 (2.05) | 13.30 (2.20) |
| Working Memory: Non-word Repetition (Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing; Wagner et al., 1999) | 9.55 (2.37) | 8.55 (1.39) |
| Simon Effect (ms; Weiss et al., 2010) | 45.48 (16.96) | 54.83 (16.44) |
| English Vocabulary Standard Score (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; Dunn, 1981) | 118.90 (9.08) | 114.00 (16.28) |
| English Proficiency (LEAP-Q; Marian et al., 2007)a | 9.75 (0.55) | 9.68 (0.56) |
| Spanish Proficiency (LEAP-Q; Marian et al., 2007)a | - | 8.73 (0.82) |
| Spanish Vocabulary (Testo de Vocabulario de Imagenes Peabody; Dunn et al., 1986) | - | 115.65 (4.58) |
Note. Values represent means. Those in parentheses represent standard deviations. Groups did not differ on any cognitive or linguistic factors (except Spanish Proficiency and Spanish Vocabulary performance; all p’s>0.05).
a
Composite proficiency measures were computed by averaging speaking, reading, and understanding proficiencies (on a scale from 0=none to 10=perfect).