Table 1.
Phenotypic Characteristics of TEA Clusters in the YCAAD Cohort
| Control Subjects (n = 12) | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence, n | 34 | 19 | 47 | 0.003 | |
| Age at visit, yr | 37 ± 14 | 51 ± 13 | 49 ± 16 | 45 ± 17 | 0.32 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 5 (42) | 23 (68) | 15 (79) | 39 (83) | 0.26 |
| Race | 0.58 | ||||
| White, n (%) | 12 (100) | 22 (65) | 14 (74) | 37 (79) | |
| Black, n (%) | 0 (0) | 10 (29) | 4 (21) | 7 (15) | |
| Other, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1 (5) | 3 (6) | |
| Hispanic origin, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 4 (21) | 7 (15) | 0.04 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.6 ± 2.8 | 30.0 ± 7.2 | 30 ± 7.3 | 29.3 ± 8.0 | 0.84 |
| History of atopy, n (%) | 7 (58) | 33 (97) | 14 (74) | 43 (92) | 0.02 |
| Age of symptom onset | NA | 25.8 ± 19.1 | 29.3 ± 20.4 | 20.7 ± 20.9 | 0.17 |
| Disease duration, yr | NA | 25.2 ± 17.5 | 20.7 ± 16.9 | 24.2 ± 17.3 | 0.70 |
| History of hospitalization, n (%) | NA | 13 (38.1) | 13 (68.4) | 16 (34.0) | 0.03 |
| History of intubations, n (%) | NA | 6.0 (18) | 2.0 (11) | 2.0 (4) | 0.05 |
| OCS tapers in past year, n (%) | NA | 19 (55.9) | 12 (63.2) | 24 (51.1) | 0.67 |
| ACT score | NA | 16 ± 6.4 | 14 ± 6.6 | 18 ± 5.1 | 0.22 |
| ICS dose, μg/d | NA | 617 ± 448 | 530 ± 449 | 396 ± 356 | 0.04 |
| ICS use, yes, n (%) | NA | 27 (79) | 17 (89) | 31 (66) | 0.10 |
| Chronic OCS use, n (%) | NA | 4 (11.8) | 2 (10.5) | 3 (6.4) | 0.68 |
Definition of abbreviations: ACT = Asthma Control Test; BMI = body mass index; ICS = inhaled corticosteroids; NA = not applicable; OCS = oral corticosteroids; TEA = transcriptomic endotypes of asthma; YCAAD = Yale Center for Asthma and Airway Diseases.
Data are means ± SD, except where indicated. P values for comparisons among TEA clusters were determined using Kruskal-Wallis or Cochran-Armitage test. The false discovery rate estimated by the permutation-based method is 11%.