Table 3.

Specification of the experimental model of ALF/HRS induced by galactosamine intoxication.

	Apecies	Number/weight	Dosage of GAL	Route of intoxication	Sham	Anesthesia (for authopsy)	Confirmation of ALF	Confirmation of ARF	Confirmation of FRF	Confirmation of coma	Animals in coma (%)	Survivors – 48 h (%)
GAL	Rats	24/200–250 g	1.1 g/kg b.w.	i.p.	0.9% saline	Chloral hydrate	ALT, AST, bilirubin, NH3, albumin, liver histology	Creatinine, urea, creatinine clearance, 24 hu collection	Osmolal clearance, FENa%, Nau24 h, 24 hu collection, kidney histology	Clinical assessment, NH3	83%	100%

GAL administration led to the development of hepatic encephalopathy in all animals tested, while 10 animals developed hepatic coma (83%). GAL – galactosamine; ALF – acute liver failure; ARF – acute renal failure; FRF – functional renal failure; b.w. – body weight; i.p. – intraperitoneally; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; NH₃ – ammonium; 24 h_u collection – 24 h collection of urine; Na_{u 24 h} – 24 h urine excretion of sodium; FE_Na% – fraction of ejected sodium.