Table 1.

Findings from Stage 1 systematic reviews, stakeholder consultation [round 1], qualitative research and cost estimation

Systematic reviews	Scoping review of promising BCTs*	Stakeholder consultation [round 1] (N = 32)	Qualitative research	Cost estimation
Systematic review of reviews of brief interventions (BIs) : [16]	BCTs identified as potentially feasible, acceptable and effective:	Eleven strategies were identified by at least 5 out of 32 stakeholders:	Health check (HC) observations:	Self-monitoring interventions:
• Three BI reviews and seven general PA intervention reviews were included. No reviews focusing on VBIs were identified.	1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)	1. Information about behaviour-health link (n = 14);	• HC follows a strict template, and lasts approximately 10 minutes.	• Estimated cost of pedometer and consumables (e.g. patient information booklet; a PA diary) = £13.30.
• BIs ranged from 1–3 minutes to 30 minutes. Very few were VBIs (<5 minutes).	1.2 Problem Solving	2. Planning (n = 12);	• Questions about PA/exercise are minimal and vague, e.g. ‘how much exercise do you do?’	• Estimated cost of nurse time = £8.66 (2010 prices).
• Majority of BIs and VBIs were delivered face to face, but were poorly defined in terms of active ingredients.	1.4 Action Planning	3. Tailoring (n = 11);	• Advice on PA not given in the vast majority of HCs observed.	• Total estimated cost = £21.96 per patient.
• Evidence favoured the use of supplements (e.g. written materials) to brief advice.	1.5 Review behaviour goals(s)	4. Signposting (n = 10);	Patient Interviews (n = 51):	Implementation Intentions (action planning) Interventions:
• Uncertainty about the effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of BIs and VBIs that could be delivered in a routine primary care consultation.	1.6 Discrepancy between current behaviour and goals	5. Time management/ identify opportunities (n = 9);	• Patients wanted nurse to ask more detailed questions about their current PA.	• Estimated cost of consumables (e.g. printed material for patients; log books) = £2.30.
Meta-analysis of the effects of pedometer use on daily PA [17]:	1.9 Commitment	6. General encouragement (n = 7);	• Patients unclear about the definition of ‘exercise’ and ‘PA’.	• Estimated cost of nurse time = £8.66 (2010 prices).
• Pedometers are an effective intervention for increasing PA [pedometers increased steps by 2000 [11] to 2419 [10] steps per day.	2.2 Feedback on behaviour	7. Social support (n = 7);	• Many patients felt that they had not been given PA advice.	• Total estimated cost = £10.96 per patient.
	2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour	8. Exercise prescription/ referral (n = 6);	• Patients wanted tailored PA advice.	Conclusion:
	3.1 Social support (unspecified)	9. Goal-setting (n = 6);	• Patients felt that PA advice would be best given at a follow-up appointment (after HC results were fed back to them).	• The costs of self-monitoring and implementation intention interventions are relatively small, comprising initial consultations, stationery, and follow-up consultations to review patient progress.
	4.1 Instruction on how to perform the behaviour	10. Self-monitoring (n = 5);	• Patients felt that PA advice was not necessary if HC results indicated that they were ‘healthy’.
	5.1 Information about health consequences	11. Provide instruction (n = 5)	Implications for a PA VBI:
	5.3 Information about social and environmental consequences		• There is a need for a VBI focusing on PA in the HC.
	5.4 Monitoring of emotional consequences		• A 5 minute VBI should fit into a HC.
	5.6 Information about emotional consequences		• Patients should be asked detailed questions about their current PA.
	8.7 Graded Tasks		• Patients should be made aware of the definition of PA (e.g. what counts as ‘moderate’ intensity).
	12.5 Adding objects to the environment		• PA advice should be tailored to the individual (e.g. their current activity, lifestyle, capability etc.)
	15.4 Self-talk		• PA advice should highlight the benefits of PA with less emphasis on PA as a treatment for a health problem.

*Numbering refers to BCTTv1