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Treatment, all patients with penetrating cardiac injury (n = 31)
| Prehospitally | |
|---|---|
| Chest drain | 2 |
| Endotracheal intubation | 5 |
| At ED | |
| Chest drain | 11 |
| Blood transfusions | 20* (1–10) |
| ED thoracotomy | 21 |
| Median sternotomy | 11 |
| Anterolateral thoracotomy | 5 |
| Both incisions | 5 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass | 1 |
| Thoracotomy at OR | 3 |
| Laparotomy | 3 |
*denotes number of patients receiving packed red blood cells (range of amount given from arrival to emergency department (ED) until discharge to ICU or morgue)
