Table 3.
Chinese herbal compounds with antioxidation activity.
| Compound | Herb | Target or indicator | Type of study | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arisaema tortuosum tuber extract | Arisaema tortuosum Schott | β-Glucuronidase; FRAP | In vitro | [61] |
| Andrographolide derivatives | Andrographolide | VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C; superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals | In vivo | [62] |
| Farrerol | Rhododendron dauricum L. (ManShanHong) | SOD, GSH-Px; caspase-3, p38 MAPK, Bcl-2 | In vitro | [63] |
| Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. | Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. | TC, non-HDL, TG, apoB100, apoE, HDL; LDL receptor, SR-B1, CYP7A1, HMGCR, CRP, MDA | In vivo | [54] |
| Tanshinone IIA | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | ROS, Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3, LOX-1, NF-κB, oxLDL, monocyte adhesion, VSMC migration and proliferation, macrophage cholesterol accumulation, TNF-α, TGF-β1, platelet aggregation, GPx | Both | [64–67] |
| Cryptotanshinone | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | oxLDL, NO, ICAM-1, VCAM-1; monocyte adhesion | In vitro | [42] |
| Ethanolic fraction of T. arjuna | Terminalia arjuna | LDL, TG, VLDL, HDL | In vivo | [57] |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | Hcy, ROS; PKC/MAPK | In vivo | [68] |
| Chlorophytum borivilianum root extract | Chlorophytum borivilianum | LDL oxidation, lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid | In vitro | [69] |
| Aqueous extract of Buddleja officinalis | Buddleja officinalis | VCAM-1, ICAM-1; ROS; NF-κB | In vitro | [43] |
| Salvianolic acid B | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | oxLDL, ROS, COX, ERK1/2, JNK, MAPK; prostaglandin E2, NADPH oxidase, MMP-2, MMP-9 | Both | [70–73] |
| Caffeoylquinic acids (CQs) | Chwinamul | ROS | Both | [74] |
| Epimedium (Berberidaceae) | Epimedium spp. | ROS | Both | [75] |
| Goji | Lycium barbarum and L. chinense | SOD, MDA; JNK | Both | [76] |
| Ginkgo biloba extract | Ginkgo biloba | VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin; ROS, RSTF | Both | [46] |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | eNOS, NO, NADPH oxidase subunit Nox4 | In vitro | [48] |
| Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi flavonoids | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi | SOD | Both | [77] |
| Emodin | Rheum rhabarbarum | ApoE, PPAR-γ, GM-CSF, MMP-9 | In vivo | [78] |
| Bisacurone | Curcuma longa Linne (Zingiberaceae) | VCAM-1, NF-κB p65, Akt, PKC | In vitro | [49] |
| Phyllanthus emblica extract | Phyllanthus emblica | ox-LDL, MDA | In vitro | [79] |
| Ethanol extract of Glossogyne tenuifolia | Glossogyne tenuifolia | oxLDL, ROS | In vitro | [80] |
| Ocimum basilicum | Ocimum basilicum | total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL | In vivo | [60] |
| Paeonol | Paeonia lactiflora Pallas | ICAM-1, NF-κB p65 translocation, ERK, p38 | In vitro | [81] |
| Water extracts of Achyrocline satureoides | Achyrocline satureoides | LDL oxidation | In vitro | [82] |
| Alaternin | Cassia tora | NO, Peroxynitrite | In vitro | [83] |
| Aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | Hcy | In vitro | [84] |
| Gypenosides | Gynostemma pentaphyllum | mitochondrial enzyme | In vitro | [85] |
| Saponins | ||||
| baicalein, baicalin and wogonin | Scutellaria baicalensis | VSMC proliferation | In vitro | [86] |
| Scoparone | Artemisia scoparia | monocyte adhesion, lipid laden foam cells | In vivo | [87] |
| Trilinolein | Panax pseudoginseng | OFR | In vitro | [88] |
| Celastrol | Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. | oxLDL, LOX-1, ROS, iNOS, NO, TNF-a, IL-6 | In vivo | [89] |
| Phenolic Rye (Secale cereale L.) | Ferulic acid | oxLDL | In vitro | [90] |