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. 2015 May 18;2015:752610. doi: 10.1155/2015/752610

Table 5.

Chinese herbal compounds that suppress VSMC migration and proliferation.

Compound Herb Target or indicator Type of study Reference
Protocatechuic aldehyde Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge PI3K/Akt, MAPK, cyclin D2 In vitro [93]
Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract Gleditsia sinensis thorns MMP-9; p21WAF1, cyclinB1, Cdc2 and Cdc25c; ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK; NF-κB, AP-1 In vitro [94]
Corynoxeine Hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla DNA synthesis of VSMCs, ERK1/2 In vivo [95]
Phyllanthus emblica extract Phyllanthus emblica ox-LDL, MDA In vitro [79]
Berberine Coptis chinensis MAPK1/2, ERK, Egr-1, PDGF, c-Fos, Cyclin D1 In vitro [96]
Nucifera leaf extract Nelumbo nucifera GAERTN JNK, MAPK, FAK/PI 3-kinase/small G protein In vitro [97]
Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract Hibiscus sabdariffa L. triglyceride, LDL, foam cell formation, VSMC migration In vivo [98]
Panax notoginseng saponins Panax notoginseng integrin, FAK, NF-κB In vivo [99]
Astragalus polysaccharide Astragalus membranaceus ABCA1, NF-κB In vitro [100]
Scoparone Artemisia scoparia monocyte adhesion, lipid laden foam cells In vivo [87]
Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract Hibiscus sabdariffa L. TC, LDL-C; foam cell formation, VSMC migration In vivo [98]