Table 7.
Anti-inflammatory Chinese herbal compounds.
| Compound | Herb | Target or indicator | Type of study | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plectranthus zeylanicus extracts | Plectranthus zeylanicus Benth | 5-LO | In vitro | [101] |
| Arisaema tortuosum tuber extract | Arisaema tortuosum Schott | β-Glucuronidase; FRAP | In vitro | [61] |
| Prunella vulgaris ethanol extract | Prunella vulgaris | VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, ROS; p38 MAPK, ERK | In vitro | [91] |
| Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. | Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. | TC, non-HDL, TG, apoB100, apoE, HDL; LDL receptor, SR-B1, CYP7A1, HMGCR, CRP, MDA | In vivo | [54] |
| 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) | Polygonum multiflorum | HSP 70, lipocortin 1, Apo A-I; calreticulin, vimentin; | In vivo | [102] |
| Salvianolic acid B | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | JAK2 (Tyr 1007/1008), STAT1 (Tyr701 and Ser727); CXC chemokines' IP-10, Mig, I-TAC; monocyte adhesion; PIAS1, SOCS1 | In vitro | [103] |
| Cynanchum wilfordii | Cynanchum wilfordii | LDL, HDL, NO, E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, ET-1 | In vivo | [40] |
| Panax notoginseng extract | Panax notoginseng | TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-1β | In vivo | [104] |
| Cryptotanshinone | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | oxLDL, NO, ICAM-1, VCAM-1; monocyte adhesion | In vitro | [42] |
| Salvianolic acid B | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | CD40, CD86, CD1a, HLA-DR; IL-12, IL-10, TNF-α; TLR4; PPARγ; p38-MAPK, PAI-1, JNK, NF-κB, COX, ERK1/2, prostaglandin E2, NADPH oxidase, MMP-2, MMP-9, oxLDL, ICAM-1, E-selectin | Both | [53, 71, 72, 105, 106] |
| Tanshinone IIA | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | oxLDL, monocyte adhesion, VSMC migration and proliferation, macrophage cholesterol accumulation, TNF-α, TGF-β1, platelet aggregation, GPx | Both | [66, 67] |
| Aqueous extract of Buddleja officinalis | Buddleja officinalis | VCAM-1, ICAM-1; ROS; NF-κB | In vitro | [43] |
| Artemisinin | Artemisia annua | TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6; NF-κB, IKKα/ß, IκBα | In vitro | [107] |
| Evodiamine | Evodia rutaecarpa | COX-2, iNOS, prostaglandin E2; HIF-1a; Akt, p70S6K, 4E-BP | In vitro | [108] |
| Panax notoginseng | Panax notoginseng saponins | ICAM-1, VCAM-1 | In vivo | [45] |
| Goji | Lycium barbarum and L. chinense | SOD, MDA; JNK | Both | [76] |
| Ginkgo biloba extract | Ginkgo biloba | VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin; ROS, RSTF | Both | [46] |
| Scutellaria baicalensis | Scutellaria baicalensis | SOD | Both | [77] |
| Georgi flavonoids | Georgi | |||
| Emodin | Rheum rhabarbarum | ApoE, PPAR-γ, GM-CSF, MMP-9 | In vivo | [78] |
| Bisacurone | Curcuma longa Linne (Zingiberaceae) | VCAM-1, NF-κB p65, Akt, PKC | In vitro | [49] |
| Feverfew extract | Tanacetum parthenium | TNF-α, CCL2 | In vitro | [109] |
| Magnolol | Magnolia officinalis | IL-6, STAT3, Tyr705 and Ser727, ICAM-1, IREs, monocyte adhesion, cyclin D1, MCP-1 | In vitro | [50] |
| Paeonol | Paeonia lactiflora Pallas | ICAM-1, NF-kB p65 translocation, ERK, p38 | In vitro | [81] |
| Aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | ICAM-1, VCAM-1, GSH, NF-kB | In vitro | [52] |
| Magnolol | Magnolia officinalis | MCP-1, NF-κB, VCAM-1 | In vivo | [51] |
| Ginkgo biloba extract | Ginkgo biloba | VCAM-1, ICAM-1 | In vitro | [47] |
| Scoparone | Artemisia scoparia | monocyte adhesion, lipid laden foam cells | In vivo | [87] |
| Celastrol | Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. | oxLDL, LOX-1, ROS, iNOS, NO, TNF-α, IL-6 | In vivo | [89] |