Figure 7. Expression analysis by qRT-PCR of ScChiI1, ScChiIV1 and ScChiVII1 genes in Yacheng05-179 plantlets after treatment with 25% PEG, 250 mM NaCl, 100 μM CuCl₂ and low temperature (4 °C).

Data were normalized to the GAPDH expression level. All data points were the means ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicated a significant difference, as determined by the least-significant difference test (p-value < 0.05). PEG, polyethylene glycol; NaCl, sodium chloride; CuCl₂, copper chloride.