Table 2.
Classes of biomaterials used for stem cell-based cardiac muscle repair.
| BIOMATERIAL | KEY APPLICATIONS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IN VITRO | IN VIVO | |||
| ADULT STEM CELLS | PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS | ADULT STEM CELLS | PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS | |
| Extracellular matrix protein (ECMP) | Van Dijk et al (2008): Laminin facilitated the CM differentiation of ADSCs Santiago et al (2009): Identified collagen type I as optimal matrix for cardiac commitment of MSCs |
Baharvard et al (2005): Cardiogel enchanced the differentiation of ESCs to CMs Zhang et al (2012): Matrigel™ sandwich promotes CM preparations of high purity and yield |
Maureira et al (2012): Repair of chronic MI with autologous MSCs seeded in collagen scaffolds Araña et al (2014): Epicardial delivery of collagen patches seeded with ADSCs in model of chronic MI |
Kofidis et al (2004): Matrigel™–based scaffold to deliver ESCs to the damaged ventricular areas of post-MI heart |
| Decellularized matrices | French et al (2012): Decellularized ventricular ECM enhance CPC maintenance, expansions, and differentiation | De Quach et al (2010): Decellularized matrix promotes cardiac differentiation of ESCs Duan et al (2011): Composite hydrogel comprised of collagen type I and decellularized heart matrix differentiates ESCs to CMs |
N/A | Lesman et al (2010): Decellularized matrices seeded with ESC-derived CMs integrated with host coronary vasculature upon transplantation to the heart |
| Natural materials | Di Felice et al (2013): Silk scaffold enchances cardiac commitment of CPCs Liu et al (2013): Chitosan substrates enchanced the cardiomyogenic potential of CPCs |
Schaaf et al (2011): Fibrin scaffold used to generate highly functionalized heart tissue from ESCs Zhang et al (2013): 3-D fibrin scaffolds enhance the functional maturation of ESC-derived CMs |
Guo et al (2011): Transplantation of MSCs in fibrin improves cardiac function after MI Sun et al (2014): Embedded ADSCs in fibrin scaffolds led to improved ventricular function in model of acute MI |
Lü et al (2010): Injection of temperature-responsive chitosan hydrogel improve myocardial performance in MI hearts Habib et al (2011): Transplantation of ESC-derived CMs in silk matrix increased ventricular performance in a MI model |
| Synthetic polymer-based materials | Crowder et al (2013): PCL carbon nanotube composite scaffolds were to enhance cardiac differentiation of MSCs Tran et al (2013): Emulsion electrospun PLCL scaffolds enhanced cardiomyogenic differentiation of MSCs |
Gupta et al (2011): Combinatorial identification of 4% PEF-86% PCL-10% PCL as optimal substrate for cardiac differentiation of PSCs Lee et al (2014): Graphene enhances the cardiomyogenic differentiation of ESCs |
Fukuhara et al (2005): MSC-seeded PGA scaffolds enhanced angiogenesis and improved function of the infracted heart Jin et al (2009): Transplantation of MSCs with PLCL scaffolds reduced scar size and improved cardiac function in animal model of MI |
Chen et al (2010): Elastomeric patch derived from PGS for delivery of ESC to the heart |