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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Econ Dev Cult Change. 2015 Apr 1;63(3):589–616. doi: 10.1086/679737

Table 1.

Child outcomes by teen versus older mothers (first born children only)

All African and coloured children
All Born to Teen Mothers Born to Older Mothers Diff. (Teen-older)
N Mean N Mean N Mean T-stat




WAZ at birth 533 −0.72 288 −0.81 245 −0.60 −1.82
 Birthweight <2.5 kg 0.14 0.17 0.10 2.29
HCZ at birth 420 −0.69 222 −0.82 198 −0.53 −1.78
 Small head 0.16 0.18 0.15 0.89
HAZ 613 −1.21 347 −1.40 266 −0.93 −2.56
 Stunted 0.36 0.39 0.31 1.68
African children only
WAZ at birth 287 −0.52 134 −0.59 153 −0.45 −0.81
 Birthweight <2.5 kg 0.13 0.15 0.11 0.86
HCZ at birth 234 −0.33 110 −0.46 124 −0.21 −1.32
 Small head 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.44
HAZ 306 −1.08 156 −1.14 150 −1.02 −0.62
 Stunted 0.28 0.27 0.29 −0.22
Coloured children only
WAZ at birth 246 −0.84 154 −0.91 92 −0.73 −1.19
 Birthweight <2.5 kg 0.14 0.18 0.09 2.18
HCZ at birth 186 −0.93 112 −1.02 74 −0.80 −0.90
 Small head 0.21 0.22 0.20 0.42
HAZ 268 −1.33 178 −1.50 90 −1.01 −1.64
 Stunted 0.40 0.42 0.35 1.07

Means weighted for sample design and non-response and sample sizes (N) presented.