Table 2.

Mean maternal characteristics

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
	All				Coloured		African
	Teen	Older	Coloured	African	Teen	Older	Teen	Older
Teen mother			0.63	0.50***
Age in wave 4	21.82	23.91***	22.60	22.85	21.82	23.95***	21.83	23.86***
African	0.30	0.42***
Childhood household poor or very poor	0.14	0.15	0.06	0.29***	0.08	0.03	0.27	0.31
Neighbourhood income level	10.54	10.44*	10.80	9.94***	10.79	10.83	9.97	9.91
Wave 1 household owns 5 or more books	0.76	0.78	0.85	0.62***	0.80	0.94***	0.68	0.57**
Mother’s education	7.70	7.61	7.78	7.45	7.77	7.80	7.55	7.34
Father’s education	7.58	7.79	8.21	6.62***	8.03	8.51	6.46	6.77
Proportion of life lived with mother	0.85	0.83	0.88	0.77***	0.89	0.87	0.76	0.77
Proportion of life lived with father	0.56	0.55	0.60	0.48***	0.61	0.59	0.46	0.50
Proportion of life lived with maternal grandparent(s)	0.20	0.20	0.18	0.24*	0.18	0.18	0.24	0.23
Drug addict in childhood household	0.14	0.08*	0.15	0.04***	0.18	0.10*	0.03	0.05
Alcoholic in childhood household	0.27	0.18**	0.25	0.21	0.29	0.18**	0.24	0.19
Highest grade at age 12	5.44	5.19**	5.67	4.72***	5.69	5.63	4.84	4.60
Failed a grade by age 12	0.27	0.25	0.29	0.23*	0.29	0.29	0.25	0.21
Standardised numeracy and literacy score	−0.01	0.04	0.02	−0.01	0.03	0.00	−0.11	0.09**
Age at menarche	13.22	13.62***	12.93	14.23***	12.94	12.92	13.88	14.58***
Age at first sex	16.32	18.01***	17.30	16.51***	16.49	18.71***	15.92	17.10***
Used condom at first sex	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.38	0.44	0.44	0.36
Sample size	388	298	334	352	215	119	173	179

Means weighted to account for sample design and non-response. Sample includes all African and coloured female respondents whose first-born child forms part of the analysis sample. Asterisks signify significant differences between prior two columns. Differences marked with three asterisks (***) are significant at the 1% level, those marked with two (**) are significant at the 5% level, and those marked with one (*) are significant at the 10% level.