Table 4. ORs for determinants of livestock-associated MRSA in humans, adjusted for number of hours worked per week on the farm, the Netherlands, 2011–2013*.
Variable | No.† | OR‡ (95% CI) | p value§ | −2 log RSPL¶ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, per 10 y increase | 632 | 1.14 (0.93–1.41) | 0.2 | 3,204.1 |
MRSA prevalence in pigs, %, per 10% increase |
632 |
1.08 (0.97–1.21) |
0.16 |
3,190.9 |
MRSA-negative farm | ||||
Yes | 114 | 0.06 (0.01–0.27) | <0.01 | 3,288.1 |
No |
518 |
Ref |
|
|
Touching dogs in past 6–12 mo | ||||
Yes | 446 | 0.51 (0.27–0.96) | 0.04 | 3,173.7 |
No |
180 |
Ref |
|
|
Touching pigs from other farms in past 6–12 mo | ||||
Yes | 86 | 2.82 (1.35–5.91) | 0.01 | 3,205.3 |
No |
546 |
Ref |
|
|
Sorting of sows in past 7 d | ||||
Yes | 221 | 1.91 (0.97–3.77) | 0.06 | 3,144.5 |
No |
392 |
Ref |
|
|
Sorting of suckling piglets in past 7 d | ||||
Yes | 159 | 2.21 (1.16–4.22) | 0.02 | 3,169.5 |
No |
455 |
Ref |
|
|
Sorting of weaned piglets in past 7 d | ||||
Yes | 174 | 1.63 (0.83–3.20) | 0.16 | 3,162.9 |
No |
439 |
Ref |
|
|
Feeding sows in past 7 d | ||||
Yes | 220 | 2.03 (0.99–4.17) | 0.05 | 3,126.0 |
No |
390 |
Ref |
|
|
Cleaning and disinfecting weaned piglets section in past 7 d | ||||
Yes | 81 | 1.70 (0.76–3.80) | 0.2 | 3,157.8 |
No | 538 | Ref |
*Results from the random intercept generalized linear mixed models accounting for the repeated measurements design and adjusted for number of hours worked. MRSA, methicillin-associated Staphylococcus aureus; OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference category; RSPL, residual pseudo-likelihood. Bold type indicates p values <0.05. †Number of observations in all sampling times together (158 persons, 4 sampling times). Some variables have missing observations. ‡For analysis in humans, a farm and a person random intercept were included in the mixed models, and number of hours worked on the farm and sampling time were used for adjustment of ORs. §Only variables with p<0.2 in the mixed models are presented in the human analysis. ¶RSPL from the generalized linear mixed models.