Table 1. Characteristics of the sample.
| Total | Hui | Han # | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 2,770 | N = 1,150 | N = 1,620 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years, mean(sd) | 41.4(14.6) | 41.5 (14.4) | 46.3 (15.3) ‡ |
| Education, years, mean(sd) | 5.9(4.9) | 4.6 (4.7) | 6.8 (4.9) ‡ |
| Gender, male,% (n) | 37.6(1,042) | 37.6 (433) | 37.6 (609) |
| Marriage, married, % (n) | 88.1(2,441) | 89.5 (1,029) | 87.2 (1412) |
| Region, developing, % (n) | 61.9(1,715) | 51.3 (590) | 69.4 (1,125) ‡ |
| Migrant, yes, % (n) | 30.9(857) | 45.5 (523) | 20.6 (334) ‡ |
| Urban/rural, rural, % (n) | 73.9(2,048) | 84.3 (969) | 66.6 (1,079) ‡ |
| Physical health | |||
| Overall physical health, poor | 41.6(1,152) | 38.7 (445) | 43.6 (707) † |
| Type II diabetes, yes | 3.7(103) | 3.0 (35) | 4.2 (68) |
| Hypertension, yes | 14.3(396) | 11.8 (136) | 16.1 (260) † |
| Physical pain, yes | 50.9(1,411) | 56.8 (653) | 46.8 (758) ‡ |
| Mental disorders | |||
| Anxiety disorders, yes | 15.8 (439) | 20.3 (233) | 12.7 (206) ‡ |
| Mood disorders, yes | 4.0 (110) | 4.3 (50) | 3.7 (60) |
| Alcohol use disorders, yes | 1.0 (29) | 0.6 (7) | 1.4 (22) |
| Any mental disorders, yes | 22.0 (609) | 26.7 (308) | 18.6 (301) ‡ |
| Religious involvement | |||
| Religion participation, median (Q1-3) | 1 (1, 2) | 3 (2, 5) | 1 (1, 1) ‡ |
| Importance of religion, median (Q1-3) | 3 (1, 4) | 4 (4, 4) | 2 (1, 3) ‡ |
| High religiosity, % (n) | 20.1 (556) | 45.6 (525) | 1.9 (31) ‡ |
| Religious affiliation | |||
| Buddhist/Taoist, % (n) | 8.9 (246) | 0.1 (1) | 15.1 (245) ‡ |
| Muslim,% (n) | 39.8 (1,103) | 93.0 (1,071) | 2.0 (33) |
| Christian/Catholic, % (n) | 2.0 (54) | 1.2 (17) | 2.3 (37) |
| No affiliation, % (n) | 49.3 (1,367) | 4.4 (62) | 80.6 (1,305) |
†: P<0.01
‡: P<0.001.
# compared with the Hui ethnic group.
Q1-3: quartile.