Table 4.

Strong sense of calling among psychiatrists, by religious/spiritual characteristics, 2009–2010

Characteristics	n (%)	Bivariate P (χ²)	Multivariate OR (95% CI)^a
Religious affiliation
None	10 (21)	<0.001	Referent
Hindu	14 (58)		4.3 (1.2–15.5)^*
Jewish	15 (37)		2.2 (0.8–6.1)
Muslim	6 (75)		7.3 (1.0–51.6)^*
Roman Catholic/Eastern Orthodox	30 (44)		2.9 (1.2–7.1)^*
Protestant, evangelical	15 (75)		10.7 (2.6–44.2)^***
Protestant, nonevangelical	24 (34)		1.8 (0.7–4.7)
Other	14 (54)		3.8 (1.3–11.4)^*
Attendance at religious services
Never	14 (26)	<0.001	Referent
1×/mo	58 (36)		1.5 (0.7–3.0)
≥2×/mo	55 (59)		4.0 (1.8–8.9)^***
Importance of religion
Not very important/not applicable, I have no religion	21 (21)	<0.001	Referent
Fairly important	46 (45)		2.8 (1.4–5.5)^**
Very important	42 (53)		3.5 (1.8–7.1)^***
Most important	19 (76)		12.2 (4.0–37.3)^***
Intrinsic religiosity
Low	40 (30)	<0.001	Referent
Moderate	31 (39)		1.5 (0.8–2.9)
High	54 (60)		3.5 (1.9–6.7)^***
Spirituality
Low	23 (21)	<0.001	Referent
Moderate	51 (43)		3.0 (1.5–5.7)^***
High	54 (68)		7.8 (3.7–16.3)^***

These data come from a national survey in 2010 among a stratified, random sample of 512 US psychiatrists who strongly agree with the statement, “For me, the practice of medicine is a calling.” Referent group is those psychiatrists who disagree or somewhat agree with this statement. Results are adjusted for survey design. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

Multivariate analyses also control for age, sex, region, race/ethnicity, and immigration history.

P < 0.05.

^**

P < 0.01.

^***

P < 0.001.