Table 1. Patient characteristics at first treatment admission.
| Died (n=1,031) | Did not die (n=31,291) | Total (n=32,322) | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Mean (SD) / % | Mean (SD) / % | Mean (SD) / % | |
| Age in years at admission*** | 43.3 (12.9) | 35.0 (12.3) | 35.3 (12.4) |
| Female*** | 25.1 | 36.1 | 35.8 |
| Race/ethnicity: Hispanic | 23.5 | 24.3 | 24.2 |
| White | 60.8 | 61.1 | 61.1 |
| African American* | 9.6 | 7.8 | 7.8 |
| Other | 6.1 | 6.9 | 6.9 |
| Education: < High School | 31.1 | 29.9 | 30.0 |
| > High School/equivalent | 68.9 | 70.1 | 70.1 |
| Labor force participation*** | 21.2 | 30.7 | 30.4 |
| Legal status | 14.8 | 14.6 | 14.6 |
| Age at first use: <16*** | 16.1 | 15.7 | 15.7 |
| 16-21 | 35.3 | 40.6 | 40.5 |
| 21-30 | 22.9 | 26.5 | 26.3 |
| >30 | 25.6 | 17.3 | 17.5 |
| Injection drug user*** | 67.1 | 54.8 | 55.2 |
| Primary drug type: Heroin*** | 70.7 | 63.1 | 63.4 |
| Other drugs | 29.3 | 36.9 | 36.7 |
| Primary drug use frequency: < Daily | 21.9 | 22.1 | 22.1 |
| Daily | 78.1 | 77.9 | 77.9 |
| Secondary drug type: Heroin*** | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Prescription opioids | 12.1 | 14.8 | 14.8 |
| Methamphetamine/cocaine | 18.5 | 15.2 | 15.3 |
| Marijuana | 4.4 | 6.6 | 6.6 |
| Alcohol | 7.2 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| None | 55.7 | 56.8 | 56.8 |
| Years from 1st primary drug use to 1st treatment episode is <5 years*** | 21.3 | 33.9 | 33.5 |
| >= 5 and <10 years | 14.4 | 20.9 | 20.7 |
| >=10 years | 64.4 | 45.2 | 45.8 |
| Mental illness*** | 30.3 | 22.8 | 23.1 |
| Medical problems, past 30 days*** | 28.0 | 18.7 | 19.0 |
| Has a disability*** | 30.4 | 15.3 | 15.8 |
| Diagnosed with HCV*** | 24.5 | 12.2 | 12.6 |
| Diagnosed with tuberculosis*** | 4.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| Tested for HIV*** | 73.1 | 65.1 | 65.4 |
| Medi-Cal Beneficiary*** | 36.1 | 26.8 | 27.1 |
Note: There were missing responses on years from first primary drug use to first treatment episode (N=11) and age at first use (N=11); figures indicate known status.
*
p <0.05;
**
p <0.01;
***
p <0.001