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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 2.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2015 Mar 15;110(6):996–1005. doi: 10.1111/add.12863

Table 3. Crude mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios by key strata.

Variable Freq. No. deaths PY follow-up CMR 95% CI SMR 95% CI
Gender
 Male 20758 772 49324 15.7 14.6 16.8 4.3 4.0 4.6
 Female 11564 259 27332 9.5 8.4 10.7 5.1 4.5 5.7

Age
 <18-30 13625 209 30484 6.9 6.0 7.9 6.5 5.6 7.4
 30-40 7106 170 17074 10.0 8.6 11.6 6.5 5.6 7.6
 40-50 6419 270 16655 16.2 14.4 18.3 5.1 4.5 5.8
 >50 5172 382 12444 30.7 27.8 33.9 3.2 2.9 3.5

Race/ethnicity
 White 19744 627 45658 13.7 12.7 14.9 5.4 5.0 5.8
 Hispanic 7832 242 19371 12.5 11.0 14.2 4.0 3.5 4.5
 African American 2528 99 6149 16.1 13.2 19.6 3.1 2.5 3.7
 Other 2218 63 5478 11.5 9.0 14.7 2.9 2.2 3.6

Unemployed
 No 9812 219 25252 8.7 7.6 9.9 3.7 3.2 4.2
 Yes 22510 812 51405 15.8 14.7 16.9 4.7 4.4 5.1

IV drug user
 No 14495 339 33237 10.2 9.2 11.3 3.7 3.3 4.1
 Yes 17827 692 43420 15.9 14.8 17.2 5.0 4.6 5.4

Medi-Cal beneficiary
 No 23579 659 56456 11.7 10.8 12.6 4.5 4.2 4.8
 Yes 8743 372 20201 18.4 16.6 20.4 4.4 4.0 4.9

Has mental illness
 No 25805 766 61797 12.4 11.5 13.3 4.0 3.7 4.3
 Yes 6517 265 14860 17.8 15.8 20.1 6.4 5.7 7.3

Died in treatment - overall 183 28535 6.4 5.5 7.4 1.8 1.6 2.1
 1 to 14 days after admit 19 1790 10.6 6.8 16.6 3.6 2.2 5.7
 15 to 28 days after admit 8 1300 6.2 3.1 12.3 2.1 0.9 4.1
 >28 days after admit 156 25445 6.1 5.2 7.2 1.7 1.5 2.0

Died in detoxification - overall 20 3258 6.1 4.0 9.5 2.4 1.5 3.8
 1 to 14 days after admit 11 767 14.4 7.9 25.9 5.5 2.7 9.8
 15 to 28 days after admit 1 373 2.7 0.4 19.0 1.1 0.0 6.0
 >28 days after admit 8 2118 3.8 1.9 7.6 1.5 0.7 3.0

Died in maintenance - overall 163 25277 6.4 5.5 7.5 1.8 1.5 2.1
 1 to 14 days after admit 8 1024 7.8 3.9 15.6 2.5 1.1 4.9
 15 to 28 days after admit 7 926 7.6 3.6 15.8 2.4 1.0 4.9
 >28 days after admit 148 23327 6.3 5.4 7.5 1.7 1.5 2.0

Died out of treatment –overall 848 48122 17.6 16.5 18.8 6.1 5.7 6.5
 1 to 14 days after exit 125 1398 89.4 75.0 106.5 31.5 26.2 37.5
 15 to 28 days after exit 29 1474 22.8 15.8 32.7 8.0 5.4 11.5
 >28 days after exit 694 45449 15.3 14.2 16.4 5.3 4.9 5.7

Total 32322 1031 76657 13.4 12.7 14.3 4.5 4.2 4.8

PY: person-years; CMR: Crude Mortality Rate; SMR: Standardized Mortality Ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. The Poisson exact method was used to calculate 95% confidence intervals for SMRs.