Table 2.
The association between radiological and clinicopathological characteristics and patients' outcomes.
| Characteristics | Number (%) | LR | DFS | OS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | ||
| Age, years | ||||||||||
| <65 | 113 (55.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| ≥65 | 90 (44.3) | 1.40 | 0.65–3.05 | 0.393 | 1.60 | 0.91–2.83 | 0.105 | 3.16 | 1.38–7.24 | 0.007 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 104 (51.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Female | 99 (48.8) | 0.77 | 0.36–1.69 | 0.518 | 0.72 | 0.41–1.29 | 0.271 | 1.06 | 0.46–2.44 | 0.899 |
| Preoperative CEA | ||||||||||
| <5 ng/μL | 147 (72.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| ≥5 ng/μL | 56 (27.6) | 2.75 | 1.27–5.96 | 0.011 | 1.11 | 0.59–2.10 | 0.749 | 2.36 | 1.05–5.34 | 0.038 |
| mrT classification | ||||||||||
| mrT1-2 | 30 (14.8) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| mrT3 | 173 (85.2) | 30.9 | 0.59–1606 | 0.089 | 4.36 | 1.35–14.1 | 0.014 | 9.01 | 1.21–67.1 | 0.032 |
| mrN classification | ||||||||||
| mrN (−) | 114 (56.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| mrN (+) | 89 (43.8) | 2.12 | 0.96–4.70 | 0.063 | 1.12 | 0.64–1.98 | 0.69 | 1.54 | 0.69–3.45 | 0.296 |
| mrCRM | ||||||||||
| Clear | 171 (84.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Involved | 32 (15.8) | 4.41 | 2.05–9.51 | 0.0001 | 2.22 | 1.22–4.05 | 0.009 | 3.02 | 1.30–7.00 | 0.01 |
| Location of closest mrCRM in bowel wall | ||||||||||
| Anterior | 107 (52.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Lateral/posterior | 96 (47.3) | 0.57 | 0.25–1.28 | 0.173 | 0.78 | 0.44–1.38 | 0.390 | 0.75 | 0.33–1.69 | 0.483 |
| Peritoneal reflex relationship | ||||||||||
| Above | 39 (19.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Below | 164 (80.8) | 2.67 | 0.80–8.92 | 0.111 | 3.07 | 1.21–7.78 | 0.018 | 2.99 | 0.89–10.0 | 0.077 |
| Tumor distance from anal verge | ||||||||||
| >5 cm | 85 (41.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| ≤5 cm | 118 (58.1) | 1.56 | 0.69–3.50 | 0.284 | 0.94 | 0.53–1.65 | 0.822 | 1.61 | 0.69–3.77 | 0.269 |
| pT classification | ||||||||||
| pT1-2 | 60 (29.6) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| pT3-4 | 143 (70.4) | 12.2 | 1.65–89.9 | 0.014 | 5.43 | 1.95–15.1 | 0.001 | 12.2 | 1.65–90.7 | 0.014 |
| pN classification | ||||||||||
| pN (−) | 113 (55.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| pN (+) | 90 (44.3) | 5.31 | 2.00–14.1 | 0.001 | 2.36 | 1.31–4.28 | 0.004 | 2.67 | 1.13–6.30 | 0.025 |
| pCRM | ||||||||||
| pCRM (−) | 189 (93.1) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| pCRM (+) | 14 (6.9) | 4.66 | 1.75–12.4 | 0.002 | 2.60 | 1.10–6.14 | 0.029 | 0.92 | 0.12–6.83 | 0.933 |
| Tumor grade | ||||||||||
| Low-medium | 170 (83.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| High | 33 (16.3) | 1.28 | 0.48–3.42 | 0.612 | 1.94 | 1.01–3.73 | 0.048 | 1.41 | 0.48–4.23 | 0.536 |
| Adjuvant treatment | ||||||||||
| No treatment | 67 (33.0) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Chemotherapy | 69 (34.0) | 3.65 | 1.19–11.2 | 0.024 | 3.43 | 1.45–8.12 | 0.005 | 5.06 | 1.43–17.8 | 0.012 |
| Chemoradiotherapy | 67 (33.0) | 2.40 | 0.74–7.85 | 0.145 | 3.53 | 1.49–8.36 | 0.004 | 3.34 | 0.89–12.7 | 0.076 |
LR, local recurrence; DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival; mrCRM: MRI-assessed circumferential margin; pCRM: pathological circumferential margin.