Table 3.
Association (OR [95% CI]) between diet quality, sleep duration, and physical activity and prediabetes (versus unaffected), by socioeconomic status level.
| Education level | Income | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio [95% CI]A | Odds ratio [95% CI]A | ||||||
| N = 2175∗ | N = 2175∗ | ||||||
| <HS | HS or equiv. | College or equiv. | Postgrad | <$20,000 | $20,000–$49,999 | $50,000+ | |
| N = 323 | N = 628 | N = 472 | N = 752 | N = 782 | N = 654 | N = 738 | |
| Individual factor | |||||||
| Model 1C: Total diet quality (lower tertile versus upper and middle tertiles) |
1.57 [0.29, 8.38] | 0.98 [0.40, 2.42] | 1.40 [0.63, 3.12] | 0.81 [0.46, 1.42] | 1.06 [0.45, 2.50] | 1.07 [0.54, 2.14] | 0.94 [0.55, 1.61] |
| Model 2: BMI (≥25 versus <25) |
2.08 [0.61, 7.06] | 1.17 [0.53, 2.62] | 1.31 [0.60, 2.87] | 1.17 [0.73, 1.88] | 1.08 [0.55, 2.13] | 1.46 [0.75, 2.83] | 1.23 [0.73, 2.07] |
| Model 3: Waist circumference, cm mean SE (Larger: ≥88 for women, ≥102 for men, versus smaller) |
1.31 [0.47, 3.70] | 1.74 [0.79, 3.86] | 1.90 [0.99, 3.65] | 1.68 [1.07, 2.62]B | 0.97 [0.45, 2.10] | 2.13 [1.10, 4.10] | 1.88 [1.22, 2.92] |
| Model 4: Physical activity (low versus med/high) |
2.37 [0.70, 8.01] | 1.29 [0.62, 2.66] | 0.93 [0.44, 1.98] | 1.09 [0.62, 1.91] | 1.41 [0.67, 2.97] | 1.20 [0.57, 2.53] | 1.01 [0.59, 1.73] |
| Model 5: Sleep length/quality (low versus med/high) |
2.36 [0.87, 6.40] | 1.00 [0.50, 2.00] | 1.20 [0.59, 2.43] | 1.19 [0.74, 1.91] | 1.12 [0.60, 2.10] | 0.93 [0.49, 1.77] | 1.45 [0.89, 2.35] |
| Two factors | |||||||
| Low diet and sleep scores | 3.43 [0.49, 24.18] | 0.60 [0.19, 1.96] | 1.13 [0.36, 3.50] | 0.94 [0.36, 2.47] | 0.81 [0.23, 2.87] | 1.47 [0.48, 4.47] | 0.92 [0.37, 2.28] |
| Three factors | |||||||
| Low diet and sleep scores, plus low activity | 2.83 [0.24, 33.06] | 1.64 [0.37, 7.21] | 1.06 [0.17, 6.48] | 2.80 [0.34, 22.91] | 1.43 [0.35, 5.77] | 2.75 [0.28, 27.34] | 2.19 [0.36, 13.38] |
| Four factors | |||||||
| Low diet, sleep, activity, plus high BMI or waist (select the relevant one) | 3.33 [0.29, 38.89] | 1.58 [0.32, 7.74] | 0.89 [0.09, 8.43] | 2.02 [0.22, 18.66] | 1.33 [0.33, 5.43] | 2.33 [0.21, 25.44] | 2.33 [0.25, 21.90] |
∗These analyses exclude 980 subjects with diabetes.
AFrom multivariable models adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, and family history of diabetes.
BIn bold, P ≤ 0.05.
CDietary models are adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, total caloric intake, and family history of diabetes.