Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the subcohort according to presence or absence of metabolic syndrome.
| Characteristic | With metabolic syndrome (n = 149) | Without metabolic syndrome (n = 406) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | ||
| Age, years | 53.53 ± 7.58 | 49.34 ± 8.04 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.61 ± 4.54 | 24.86 ± 3.69 |
| N (%) | ||
| Centre: | ||
| - Turin | 68 (45.6) | 174 (42.9) |
| - Varese | 18 (12.1) | 61 (15.0) |
| - Naples | 24 (16.1) | 79 (19.5) |
| - Ragusa | 39 (26.2) | 92 (22.6) |
| Menopausal status: | ||
| - Postmenopausal | 86 (57.7) | 164 (40.4) |
| - Premenopausal | 56 (37.6) | 201 (49.5) |
| - Perimenopausal | 7 (4.7) | 41 (10.1) |
| Age at menarche: | ||
| - <15 years | 129 (86.6) | 378 (93.1) |
| - ≥15 years | 20 (13.4) | 28 (6.9) |
| Parity: | ||
| - Nulliparous | 9 (6.1) | 49 (12.1) |
| - 1–2 full-term pregnancies | 86 (57.7) | 268 (66.0) |
| - >2 full-term pregnancies | 54 (36.2) | 89 (21.9) |
| Smoking status: | ||
| - Current smoker | 20 (13.4) | 115 (28.3) |
| - Former smoker | 26 (17.5) | 69 (17.0) |
| - Never smoker | 103 (69.1) | 222 (54.7) |
| Education: | ||
| - ≤8 years | 101 (67.8) | 193 (47.5) |
| - >8 years | 48 (32.2) | 213 (52.5) |
| Alcohol consumption: | ||
| - ≤0.1 g/d | 39 (26.2) | 89 (21.9) |
| - >0.1–12 g/d | 79 (53.0) | 226 (55.7) |
| - >12–24 g/d | 17 (11.4) | 58 (14.3) |
| - >24 g/d | 14 (9.4) | 33 (8.1) |
| Total physical activity: | ||
| - Inactive | 72 (48.3) | 146 (36.0) |
| - Moderately inactive | 53 (35.6) | 169 (41.6) |
| - Moderately active | 14 (9.4) | 49 (12.1) |
| - Active | 10 (6.7) | 42 (10.3) |