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| Factor | No. of studies | RR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity P (I2%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study design | Retrospective cohort | 2 | 2.95 (1.12–7.78) | 0.000 (96.4) |
| Prospective cohort | 6 | 1.62 (1.31–2.02) | 0.003 (72.5) | |
| Region | Europe | 3 | 1.68 (1.30–2.17) | 0.690 (0.0) |
| USA | 5 | 1.97 (1.49–2.61) | 0.000 (91.4) | |
| Fracture type | hip fracture | 3 | 2.03 (1.86–2.22) | 0.615 (0.0) |
| any fracture | 5 | 1.88 (1.51–2.34) | 0.000 (91.0) | |
