Fig. 2. Changes in neuroendocrine hormone and glucose levels during the perioperative period. (A) Changes in plasma norepinephrine levels. (B) Changes in plasma epinephrine levels. (C) Changes in serum cortisol levels. (D) Changes in plasma ACTH levels. (E) Changes in plasma glucose levels. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone, T₀: before induction of anesthesia, T₁: end of surgery, T₂: 2 hours after surgery. ^*P < 0.01 between two groups. ^†,‡P < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively, compared with T₀ within group. ^§P < 0.05 compared with T₁ within group.