Table 2. Relative mRNA abundances (delta CT, log2) of genes analyzed in liver biopsies in week 1 p.p., and before (week 0) and after (week 3) feed restriction in mid-lactation.
| Lactational NEB | Induced NEB by feed restriction after 100 DIM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| week 1 p.p. | week 0 | week 3 | |||
| both groups | CON cows | RES cows | CON cows | RES cows | |
| Parameter | (n = 50) | (n = 25) | (n = 25) | (n = 25) | (n = 25) |
| Cholesterol synthesis | |||||
| HMGCR | 18.12 ± 0.26 | 18.01 ± 0.31 | 17.59 ± 0.37 | 18.24 ± 0.26 | 18.11 ± 0.37 |
| HMGCS1 | 19.31 ± 0.03 | 19.06 ± 0.30 | 18.68 ± 0.33 | 19.38 ± 0.29 | 18.68 ± 0.46 |
| VLDL assembly | |||||
| MTTP | 17.03 ± 0.15 | 16.86 ± 0.19 | 16.71 ± 0.23 | 16.80 ± 0.24 | 16.92 ± 0.28 |
| Cholesterol transport | |||||
| ABCA1 | 17.26 ± 0.25a | 17.20 ± 0.26 | 16.30 ± 037b | 17.23 ± 0.27 | 16.46 ± 0.37ab |
| ABCG1 | 10.68 ± 0.22 | 11.34 ± 0.19 | 11.18 ± 0.34 | 11.05 ± 0.27 | 11.69 ± 0.26 |
| Nuclear receptors | |||||
| LXRα | 16.53 ± 0.14 | 16.46 ± 0.14 | 16.50 ± 0.17 | 16.51 ± 0.14 | 16.47 ± 0.17 |
| PPARα | 17.35 ± 0.14 | 17.31 ± 0.18 | 17.46 ± 0.18 | 17.40 ± 0.19 | 17.48 ± 0.19 |
| PPARγ | 10.73 ± 0.14 | 10.63 ± 0.16 | 11.03 ± 0.24 | 10.53 ± 0.23 | 10.77 ± 0.23 |
| Other regulatory genes | |||||
| SREBF-1 | 13.64 ± 0.14Bb | 14.47 ± 0.16A | 14.38 ± 0.22a | 14.62 ± 0.17A | 14.37 ± 0.23a |
| SREBF-2 | 17.83 ± 0.23 | 17.77 ± 0.19 | 17.18 ± 0.41 | 17.76 ± 0.23 | 17.53 ± 0.32 |
Changes over time within the groups are marked with superscripts (A and B for the control group (CON); a and b for the feed-restricted group (RES); P < 0.05).
Hepatic mRNA expression was analyzed in week 1 p.p., week 0 and week 3. Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean. Abbreviations: ABCA1: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; ABCG1: ATP-binding cassette transporter G1; CON: control cows; DIM: days in milk; HMGCR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase; HMGCS1: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 1; LXRα: liver X receptor α; MTTP: microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; NEB: negative energy balance; PPARα: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ; RES: feed-restricted cows; SREBF-1: sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1; SBREF-2: sterol regulatory element-binding factor 2.