Table 2.
Demographic characteristics and medical history of cases (switchers) and controls (non-switchers) at the time of the switch and identification of factors associated with switching to Respimat
| Characteristics | Cases (switchers) | Controls (non-switchers) | Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 359 | 359 | ||||||
| Mean age, years (SD) | 73 (10) | 76 (10) | ||||||
| N | % | N | % | |||||
| Age class (years) | ||||||||
| 45–64 | 67 | 18.7 | 48 | 13.4 | ref | ref | ||
| 65–74 | 123 | 34.3 | 97 | 27.0 | 0.91 | 0.58 to 1.43 | 0.88 | 0.55 to 1.42 |
| ≥75 | 169 | 47.1 | 214 | 59.6 | 0.57 | 0.37 to 0.86 | 0.52 | 0.33 to 0.81 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 224 | 62.0 | 226 | 63.0 | 1.02 | 0.76 to 1.39 | 1.07 | 0.77 to 1.47 |
| Female | 135 | 38.0 | 133 | 37.0 | ref | ref | ||
| Severity of respiratory disease | ||||||||
| No respiratory drugs | 44 | 12.3 | 75 | 20.9 | ref | ref | ||
| 1 class of respiratory drugs | 115 | 32.0 | 145 | 40.4 | 1.35 | 0.87 to 2.11 | 1.31 | 0.82 to 2.06 |
| 2 classes of respiratory drugs | 78 | 21.7 | 77 | 21.4 | 1.73 | 1.06 to 2.81 | 1.63 | 0.98 to 2.72 |
| 3 classes of respiratory drugs | 47 | 13.1 | 37 | 10.3 | 2.17 | 1.23 to 3.83 | 1.96 | 1.06 to 3.61 |
| ≥4 classes of respiratory drugs | 75 | 20.9 | 25 | 7.0 | 5.11 | 2.85 to 9.19 | 4.62 | 2.46 to 8.69 |
| Previous drug use (tracer of comorbidity) | ||||||||
| Antiarrhythmics | 27 | 7.5 | 21 | 5.8 | 1.31 | 0.73 to 2.26 | 1.53 | 0.82 to 2.85 |
| β-Blockers | 62 | 17.3 | 48 | 13.4 | 1.35 | 0.90 to 2.04 | 1.76 | 1.13 to 2.75 |
| Other cardiovascular drugs | 72 | 20.0 | 65 | 18.1 | 0.88 | 0.61 to 1.28 | 0.92 | 0.61 to 1.39 |
| Antibiotics | 258 | 71.9 | 211 | 58.8 | 1.79 | 1.31 to 2.45 | 1.34 | 0.94 to 1.89 |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 81 | 22.6 | 104 | 29.0 | 0.71 | 0.51 to 1.00 | 0.68 | 0.47 to 0.97 |
| Pain medications (opioids) | 26 | 7.2 | 40 | 11.1 | 0.62 | 0.37 to 1.04 | 0.61 | 0.35 to 1.05 |
| Antiglaucoma agents | 34 | 9.5 | 21 | 5.8 | 1.68 | 0.96 to 2.96 | 1.63 | 0.90 to 2.95 |
| Antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents | 184 | 51.3 | 183 | 51.0 | 1.01 | 0.75 to 1.35 | 1.28 | 0.90 to 1.80 |
| Antidiabetics | 58 | 16.2 | 62 | 17.3 | 0.92 | 0.62 to 1.37 | 0.89 | 0.58 to 1.36 |
| Antipsychotics | 11 | 3.1 | 10 | 2.8 | 1.10 | 0.46 to 2.63 | 1.33 | 0.53 to 3.34 |
| Antiparkinsons | 12 | 3.3 | 9 | 2.5 | 1.34 | 0.56 to 3.23 | 1.60 | 0.63 to 4.08 |
| Antidepressives | 60 | 16.7 | 71 | 19.8 | 0.81 | 0.56 to 1.19 | 0.80 | 0.53 to 1.20 |
| Antiepileptics | 20 | 5.6 | 26 | 7.2 | 0.76 | 0.41 to 1.38 | 0.80 | 0.42 to 1.54 |
| Antacids | 195 | 54.3 | 188 | 52.4 | 1.08 | 0.81 to 1.45 | 1.00 | 0.72 to 1.40 |
| NSAIDs | 89 | 24.8 | 72 | 20.1 | 1.31 | 0.92 to 1.87 | 1.20 | 0.82 to 1.76 |
| Osteoporosis medications | 29 | 8.1 | 29 | 8.1 | 1.00 | 0.59 to 1.71 | 0.96 | 0.55 to 1.68 |
NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.