Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Participants in Inter99.
| Variables | All (n = 6,502) | Cases (n = 527) | Controls (n = 5,975) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Female sex, % | 51.9 | 42.3 | 52.7*** |
| Age, years | 45.9 ±7.9 | 49.1 ±7.3 | 45.6 ±7.9*** |
| Self-reported diabetes, % | 1.9 | 5.4 | 1.6*** |
| High educational level, % | 28.8 | 25.1 | 29.1* |
| Use of antihypertensive drugs, % | 6.0 | 14.0 | 5.2*** |
| Use of cholesterol lowering drugs, % | 3.0 | 3.7 | 2.9 |
| Life style | |||
| Alcohol intake, standard drinks/week | 6 (0–32) | 7 (0–39) | 6 (0–32)* |
| High physical activity, % | 40.4 | 38.5 | 40.6 |
| Unhealthy dietary habits, % | 15.6 | 21.1 | 15.1*** |
| Smoking, % | |||
| Never | 35.4 | 25.7 | 36.3*** |
| Former | 25.6 | 27.8 | 25.4 |
| Current | 39.0 | 46.5 | 38.3*** |
| Anthropometric | |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.3 ±4.6 | 27.3 ±4.9 | 26.2 ±4.6*** |
| Waist circumference, cm | 86 ±13 | 90 ±14 | 86 ±13*** |
| Hemodynamic | |||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 67 ±11 | 68 ±11 | 67 ±11* |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 130 ±17 | 137 ±20 | 129 ±17*** |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 82 ±11 | 86 ±13 | 82 ±11*** |
| Lipid | |||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.5 ±1.1 | 6.0 ±1.3 | 5.5 ±1.1*** |
| HDL-Cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.43 ±0.4 | 1.36 ±0.4 | 1.44 ±0.4*** |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.1 (0.5–2.9) | 1.3 (0.6–3.8) | 1.0 (0.5–2.8) *** |
| Metabolic and renal | |||
| CRP, mg/L | 0.9 (0.1–7.6) | 1.2 (0.2–9.9) | 0.9 (0.1–7.3) *** |
| Leptin all, ng/mL | 5.7 (0.9–33.1) | 5.6 (1.1–31.5) | 5.7 (0.9–33.1) |
| Leptin men, ng/mL | 3.2 (1–13) | 3.9 (1–16) | 3.1 (1–13)** |
| Leptin female, ng/mL | 10.4 (2–44) | 11.5 (3–44) | 10.2 (2–43) |
| Adiponectin, μg/mL | 6.9 (2–26) | 6.3 (2–25) | 7.0 (2–26)* |
| HOMA-IR, units | 1.4 (0.5–4.4) | 1.6 (0.6–6.1) | 1.3 (0.5–4.4) *** |
| HbA1c, % | 5.9 ±0.6 | 6.1 ±0.9 | 5.8 ±0.6*** |
| FPG, mmol/l | 5.6 ±1.1 | 6.0 ±1.6 | 5.6 ±1.1*** |
| Estimated GFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 88 ±19 | 88 ±21 | 88 ±19 |
Data are presented as mean ±standard deviation for normally distributed variables, as median (5th–95th percentile) for skewed distributed variables, and frequency in percent for categorical variables. CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; HOMA, homeostatic model assessment; IR, insulin resistance; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GFR, glomerular filtration.
*P <0.05
**P <0.01
***P <0.001. P is for difference between CVD cases and controls.