Table 1.
Overview of ten representative music-language interference studies.
| References | Primary outcome |
|---|---|
| BEHAVIOR | |
| Fedorenko et al., 2009 | Melodic unexpectancy worsens the comprehension of syntactically complex sentences, volume unexpectancy without effect |
| Slevc et al., 2009 | Harmonic unexpectancy slows the resolution of syntactic ambiguities but not of semantically unexpected words; timbre without effect |
| Hoch et al., 2011 | Harmonic unexpectancy slows the word judgment time of syntactically unexpected words, but not of semantically unexpected words |
| Perruchet and Poulin-Charronnat, 2013 | Harmonic unexpectancy slows the resolution of semantic ambiguities but not of semantically unexpected words |
| Fiveash and Pammer, 2014 | Harmonic unexpectancy worsens sentence recall but not word list recall; timbral unexpectancy without effect |
| ELECTRO ENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG) | |
| Besson et al., 1998 | Melodic unexpectancy does not affect the event-related potential (ERP) to a semantic manipulation (N400) |
| Koelsch et al., 2005 | Harmonic unexpectancy affects the syntax-related left anterior negativity (LAN) but not the N400 |
| Steinbeis and Koelsch, 2008b | Harmonic unexpectancy affects the LAN but not the N400; language syntactic violations affect the harmony-related early right anterior negativity (ERAN) while language semantic anomalies affect the harmony-related N500 |
| Carrus et al., 2011 | Harmonic unexpectancy affects the oscillatory response to language syntax (delta-theta bands), but not vice versa; no interaction with semantics |
| Carrus et al., 2013 | Melodic unexpectancy affects the LAN but not the N400 |
Behavioral and electrophysiological interference studies offer compelling evidence for shared musico-linguistic resources but were not discussed by Peretz et al. (2015). For illustration, we list five behavioral and five electro-encephalographical studies.