FIG 1 .

trans-Infection with henipaviruses requires the expression of HS. (A) Lymphocyte-mediated trans-infection by NiV and HeV. PBLs were incubated with either NiV or HeV, washed, cultured for 24 h, and then transferred to Vero cell monolayers, which were used for the determination of the viral titers after 4 days of coculture, using infectious center assays. (B) CHO-K1 cells, treated or not with heparinase 3, and three HS-deficient CHO lines, pgsA-745, pgsB-619, and pgsD-677, were incubated with NiV and analyzed for their capacities to transmit infection to susceptible Vero cells in trans. Results are expressed as a percentage of inhibition compared to results with untreated cells ± SD. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 (Mann-Whitney U test). (C) SPR analysis of the binding of MLV pseudotyped either with VSV-G (green) or with NiV glycoproteins G and F (red) to HP-activated sensor chip surfaces. (D) SPR analysis of the binding of NiV G and F pseudoparticles to surfaces activated by either HS (blue), DS (green), or HP (red). The binding response, in RU, was recorded as a function of time; results from 1 of 3 experiments are presented.