Table 3.
Summary meta-analysis results table: difference between baseline and end of intervention
| Outcome measure | n | Effect | 95% CIs | Heterogeneity | Test for overall effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 440 | −3.72 | (−5.28 to −2.17) | χ2=12.02, df=12 (p=0.44); I²=0% | z=4.70 (p<0.001) |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 440 | −3.14 | (−4.15 to −2.13) | χ2=23.16, df=12 (p=0.03); I²=48% | z=6.09 (p<0.001) |
| Resting HR (bpm) | 252 | −2.88 | (−4.13 to −1.64) | χ2=2.96, df=7 (p=0.89); I²=0% | z=4.53 (p<0.001) |
| Body fat (%) | 328 | −1.31 | (−2.10 to −0.52) | χ2=4.00, df=6 (p=0.68); I²=0% | z=3.25 (p=0.001) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 451 | −0.71 | (−1.19 to −0.23) | χ2=5.52, df=11 (p=0.90); I²=0% | z=2.92 (p=0.003) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 271 | −0.11 | (−0.22 to −0.01) | χ2=12.58, df=9 (p=0.18); I²=28% | z=2.13 (p=0.03) |
| VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 166 | 2.66 | (1.67 to 3.65) | χ2=9.67, df=6 (p=0.14); I²=38% | z=5.28 (p<0.001) |
| SF-36 score (physical functioning) (points) | 68 | 6.02 | (0.51 to 11.53) | χ2=0.26, df=1 (p=0.61); I²=0% | z=2.14 (p=0.03) |
| 6 min walk time (m) | 65 | 79.6 | (53.37 to 105.84) | χ2=0.71, df=1 (p=0.40); I²=0%, | z=5.95 (p≤0.001) |
| Depression score*(effect size) | 101 | −0.67 | (−0.97 to −0.38) | χ2=24.14, df=4 (P≤0.001); I²=83% | z=4.44 (p≤0.001) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 35 | −3.55 | (−8.08 to 0.98) | χ2=0.52, df=1 (p=0.47); I²=0% | z=1.54 (p=0.12) |
| HbA1c (%) | 66 | −0.11 | (−0.25 to 0.03) | χ2=1.17, df=3 (p=0.76); I²=0% | z=1.53 (p=0.13) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 85 | −0.09 | (−0.28 to 0.11) | χ2=3.33, df=4 (p=0.50); I²=0% | z=0.87 (p=0.38) |
| Low-density lipids (mmol/L) | 268 | −0.05 | (−0.16 to 0.06) | χ2=8.83, df=9 (p=0.45); I²=0%, | z=0.93 (p=0.35) |
| High-density lipids (mmol/L) | 251 | 0.01 | (−0.04 to 0.07) | χ2=8.04, df=8 (p=0.43); I²=0% | z=0.45 (p=0.65) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 271 | −0.05 | (−0.12 to 0.03) | χ2=13.39, df=9 (p=0.15); I²=33% | z=1.25 (p=0.21) |
| SF-36 score (mental health index) (points) | 68 | 2.70 | (−2.09 to 7.48) | χ2=0.18, df=1 (p=0.67); I²=0% | z=1.10 (p=0.27) |
*All analyses fixed effects model and mean difference except depression score (effect is standardised mean difference).
BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HR, heart rate.