Table 4. Comparison of pooled relative risks between main population groups.
| Cancer site | Alcohol intake | N | European Pooled RR (95% CI) | I2 | N | North American Pooled RR (95% CI) | I2 | N | Asian Pooled RR (95% CI) | I2 | Pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral cavity and pharynx | Light | 5 | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 0 | 11 | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 38 | 7 | 1.33 (1.06–1.68) | 21 | 0.375 |
| Moderate | 16 | 1.51 (1.22–1.89) | 67 | 15 | 2.02 (1.74–2.34) | 46 | 12 | 2.18 (1.64–2.91) | 78 | ||
| Heavy | 14 | 5.41 (3.79–7.72) | 81 | 12 | 5.58 (4.35–7.15) | 71 | 4 | 3.02 (1.93–4.73) | 62 | ||
| Oesophageal SCC | Light | 7 | 1.05 (0.79–1.38) | 22 | 12 | 1.07 (0.84–1.37) | 32 | 11 | 1.54 (1.18–2.00) | 71 | 0.503 |
| Moderate | 10 | 1.91 (1.32–2.77) | 71 | 13 | 2.95 (2.38–3.67) | 37 | 23 | 2.20 (1.65–2.94) | 91 | ||
| Heavy | 8 | 4.76 (2.69–8.41) | 85 | 10 | 7.63 (5.34–10.91) | 59 | 18 | 4.24 (2.93–6.14) | 93 | ||
| Oesophageal AC and gastric cardia | Light | 7 | 0.79 (0.68–0.93) | 0 | 10 | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | 41 | 2 | 1.18 (0.24–5.79) | 82 | 0.213 |
| Moderate | 5 | 0.90 (0.60–1.36) | 61 | 10 | 0.99 (0.78–1.25) | 56 | 4 | 0.97 (0.24–3.83) | 91 | ||
| Heavy | 4 | 1.52 (0.80–2.88) | 65 | 9 | 1.23 (0.93–1.63) | 38 | 3 | 0.89 (0.49–1.64) | 36 | ||
| Stomach | Light | 12 | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 66 | 6 | 0.95 (0.75–1.22) | 50 | 15 | 1.01 (0.94,1.08) | 25 | 0.738 |
| Moderate | 11 | 0.90 (0.79,1.04) | 46 | 7 | 0.90 (0.76,1.06) | 1 | 16 | 1.01 (0.91,1.12) | 59 | ||
| Heavy | 5 | 1.21 (1.04,1.42) | 0 | 3 | 1.42 (0.86,2.34) | 21 | 10 | 1.08 (0.93,1.26) | 35 | ||
| Colorectum | Light | 13 | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 21 | 27 | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 44 | 22 | 1.03 (0.91–1.18) | 38 | 0.215 |
| Moderate | 13 | 1.17 (1.07–1.29) | 57 | 27 | 1.14 (1.05–1.24) | 48 | 24 | 1.24 (1.08–1.42) | 56 | ||
| Heavy | 7 | 1.22 (0.98–1.52) | 61 | 9 | 1.29 (1.01–1.66) | 65 | 13 | 1.73 (1.39–2.16) | 67 | ||
| Liver | Light | 6 | 0.92 (0.58–1.46) | 31 | 3 | 1.24 (0.73–2.10) | 0 | 12 | 1.02 (0.83–1.26) | 58 | 0.118 |
| Moderate | 9 | 0.83 (0.70–0.97) | 0 | 8 | 1.23 (0.97–1.56) | 33 | 18 | 1.14 (0.97–1.33) | 59 | ||
| Heavy | 8 | 2.00 (1.07–3.74) | 85 | 7 | 3.40 (2.54–4.55) | 0 | 15 | 1.59 (1.27–2.00) | 69 | ||
| Pancreas | Light | 11 | 0.90 (0.85–0.96) | 0 | 16 | 0.99 (0.89–1.09) | 52 | 8 | 1.01 (0.71–1.45) | 45 | 0.074 |
| Moderate | 11 | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | 0 | 16 | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 13 | 9 | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | 30 | ||
| Heavy | 4 | 0.79 (0.50–1.24) | 0 | 9 | 1.17 (1.08–1.28) | 0 | 8 | 1.18 (0.96–1.44) | 0 | ||
| Larynx | Light | 4 | 0.83 (0.41–1.67) | 54 | 7 | 0.90 (0.67–1.21) | 37 | 4 | 0.72 (0.34–1.50) | 52 | 0.291 |
| Moderate | 16 | 1.36 (1.12–1.65) | 64 | 15 | 1.54 (1.20–1.98) | 57 | 4 | 1.57 (0.78–3.16) | 69 | ||
| Heavy | 18 | 2.71 (2.02–3.63) | 82 | 13 | 2.74 (2.15–3.48) | 60 | 3 | 1.63 (0.70–3.79) | 81 | ||
| Lung | Light | 4 | 0.80 (0.76–0.85) | 0 | 14 | 0.87 (0.80–0.94) | 44 | 9 | 0.81 (0.69–0.94) | 45 | 0.045 |
| Moderate | 4 | 0.88 (0.83–0.94) | 0 | 14 | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | 45 | 12 | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 51 | ||
| Heavy | 4 | 0.96 (0.74–1.26) | 40 | 6 | 1.26 (1.10–1.45) | 53 | 6 | 0.92 (0.87–0.98) | 0 | ||
| Malignant melanoma | Light | 5 | 0.97 (0.74–1.28) | 76 | 6 | 1.32 (1.11–1.59) | 0 | – | n.e. | n.e. | 0.110 |
| Moderate | 5 | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 68 | 5 | 1.47 (1.14–1.88) | 0 | – | n.e. | n.e. | ||
| Heavy | – | n.e. | n.e. | – | n.e. | n.e. | – | n.e. | n.e. | ||
| Breast (female) | Light | 41 | 1.03 (0.98–1.10) | 67 | 55 | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | 55 | 8 | 0.89 (0.72–1.11) | 75 | 0.557 |
| Moderate | 33 | 1.19 (1.10–1.28) | 60 | 46 | 1.25 (1.20–1.31) | 51 | 8 | 1.44 (1.21–1.71) | 20 | ||
| Heavy | 5 | 1.82 (1.14–2.89) | 43 | 4 | 1.67 (1.33–2.09) | 0 | 1 | 3.44 (0.47–25.14) | 0 | ||
| Endometrium | Light | 8 | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) | 10 | 11 | 0.93 (0.86–1.00) | 13 | 2 | 0.93 (0.68–1.26) | 0 | 0.589 |
| Moderate | 4 | 1.15 (0.84–1.57) | 86 | 7 | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | 60 | 2 | 0.43 (0.25–0.74) | 0 | ||
| Heavy | – | n.e. | n.e. | – | n.e. | n.e. | – | n.e. | n.e. | ||
| Ovary | Light | 7 | 0.96 (0.89–1.05) | 23 | 11 | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 0 | – | n.e. | n.e. | 0.160 |
| Moderate | 5 | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) | 22 | 10 | 1.09 (0.95–1.24) | 27 | – | n.e. | n.e. | ||
| Heavy | – | n.e. | n.e. | – | n.e. | n.e. | – | n.e. | n.e. | ||
| Prostate | Light | 11 | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 0 | 21 | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 5 | 3 | 0.91 (0.70–1.19) | 0 | 0.214 |
| Moderate | 11 | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 18 | 22 | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | 29 | 5 | 1.05 (0.85–1.31) | 0 | ||
| Heavy | 4 | 0.95 (0.75–1.21) | 36 | 7 | 1.20 (1.09–1.31) | 13 | 4 | 1.00 (0.58–1.72) | 50 | ||
| Bladder | Light | 8 | 1.09 (0.85–1.40) | 51 | 9 | 0.95 (0.84–1.09) | 41 | 2 | 1.00 (0.64–1.56) | 0 | 0.130 |
| Moderate | 8 | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 43 | 9 | 0.96 (0.84–1.09) | 40 | 2 | 1.49 (0.54–4.09) | 65 | ||
| Heavy | 4 | 1.23 (0.76–1.99) | 81 | 4 | 0.80 (0.56–1.14) | 68 | 2 | 0.89 (0.51–1.54) | 0 | ||
| Kidney | Light | 7 | 1.01 (0.86–1.17) | 32 | 6 | 0.89 (0.80–1.00) | 41 | 1 | 0.63 (0.35–1.13) | 0 | 0.510 |
| Moderate | 7 | 0.81 (0.69–0.94) | 34 | 6 | 0.80 (0.69–0.92) | 38 | 2 | 1.07 (0.18–6.41) | 84 | ||
| Heavy | 2 | 0.75 (0.60–0.93) | 0 | 1 | 0.98 (0.68–1.41) | 0 | 2 | 0.88 (0.16–4.92) | 81 | ||
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | Light | 9 | 0.97 (0.83–1.12) | 35 | 10 | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) | 66 | 2 | 0.75 (0.41–1.36) | 88 | 0.013 |
| Moderate | 9 | 0.95 (0.82–1.12) | 53 | 9 | 0.84 (0.76–0.94) | 32 | 3 | 0.77 (0.61–0.98) | 0 | ||
| Heavy | 2 | 0.97 (0.71–1.34) | 0 | 1 | 0.77 (0.59–1.00) | 0 | 3 | 0.62 (0.50–0.78) | 0 |
Abbreviations: AC=adenocarcinoma; CI=confidence interval; n.e.= not evaluable; RR=relative risk; SCC=squamous cell carcinoma.
Only cancer sites for which more than 10 studies were available were considered.
a
Heterogeneity test.