Table 4. Associations between regular bladder infection (regular low-UTI) and UTI-ab and urinary bladder cancer, stratified by stage of bladder cancer, median age at onset of infection, menopausal state at onset infection (i.e., older than 51 years of age or not), and smoking status (never vs ever).
|
Men |
Women |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls/patients | OR adjusteda (95% CI) | Controls/patients | OR adjusteda (95% CI) | Controls/patients | OR adjusteda (95% CI) | Controls/patients | OR adjusteda (95% CI) | |
| Tumour stage |
NMIBC |
MIBC |
NMIBC |
MIBC |
||||
|
Regular low-UTI | ||||||||
| No | 1950/1119 | Ref | 1950/153 | Ref | 2039/180 | Ref | 2039/40 | Ref |
| Yes | 24/101 | 5.7 (3.5–9.2) | 24/30 | 14 (7.4–27) | 357/80 | 2.4 (1.8–3.3) | 357/30 | 4.4 (2.6–7.4) |
|
UTI-ab | ||||||||
| No | 1569/978 | Ref | 1569/148 | Ref | 1110/127 | Ref | 1110/32 | Ref |
| Yes | 324/160 | 0.74 (0.59–0.93) | 324/24 | 0.80 (0.49–1.3) | 1182/108 | 0.83 (0.62–1.1) | 1182/30 | 0.86 (0.50–1.5) |
|
Number of UTI-ab | ||||||||
| 0 | 1569/978 | Ref | 1569/148 | Ref | 1110/127 | Ref | 1110/32 | Ref |
| 1–2 | 217/86 | 0.62 (0.47–0.82) | 217/12 | 0.57 (0.30–1.1) | 530/36 | 0.69 (0.46–1.0) | 530/6 | 0.48 (0.19–1.2) |
| 3–5 | 75/33 | 0.75 (0.48–1.2) | 75/7 | 1.2 (0.52–2.8) | 333/22 | 0.61 (0.38–1.0) | 333/7 | 0.65 (0.26–1.6) |
| 6–10 | 11/12 | 1.1 (0.47–2.7) | 11/1 | 1.3 (0.16–11) | 159/18 | 1.1 (0.66–2.0) | 159/4 | 1.2 (0.39–3.4) |
| ⩾11 | 2/10 | 6.5 (1.3–32) | 2/1 | 6.8 (0.50–92) | 107/15 | 0.94 (0.51–1.7) | 107/7 | 1.5 (0.59–3.8) |
| Age regular low-UTI/UTI-abb |
⩽median age |
>median age |
⩽median age |
>median age |
||||
|
Regular low-UTI | ||||||||
| No | 1950/1327 | Ref | 1950/1327 | Ref | 2039/232 | Ref | 2039/232 | Ref |
| Yes | 5/24 | 8.0 (2.9–22) | 10/72 | 7.8 (3.9–16) | 122/24 | 2.2 (1.3–3.8) | 144/65 | 3.6 (2.5–5.2) |
|
UTI-ab | ||||||||
| No | 1569/1174 | Ref | 1569/1174 | Ref | 1110/169 | Ref | 1110/169 | Ref |
| Yes | 108/31 | 0.38 (0.24–0.59) | 135/87 | 0.84 (0.62–1.1) | 330/28 | 0.69 (0.43–1.1) | 408/62 | 1.0 (0.75–1.5) |
|
Number of UTI-ab | ||||||||
| 0 | 1569/1174 | Ref | 1569/1174 | Ref | 1110/169 | Ref | 1110/169 | Ref |
| 1–2 | 78/18 | 0.33 (0.19–0.58) | 93/47 | 0.64 (0.43–0.94) | 123/8 | 0.64 (0.28–1.4) | 236/24 | 0.79 (0.49–1.3) |
| 3–5 | 25/7 | 0.35 (0.14–0.88) | 32/23 | 1.1 (0.61–2.0) | 101/5 | 0.43 (0.17–1.1) | 98/13 | 0.86 (0.46–1.6) |
| 6–10 | 3/3 | 0.89 (0.14–5.6) | 4/6 | 1.4 (0.37–5.3) | 53/4 | 0.67 (0.23–2.0) | 43/12 | 2.0 (0.99–4.2) |
| ⩾11 | 0/3 | — | 2/6 | 4.8 (0.90–25) | 47/8 | 0.89 (0.36–2.2) | 22/11 | 2.1 (0.95–4.9) |
| Menopausal state |
Pre (⩽51 years) |
Post (>51 years) |
||||||
|
Regular low-UTI | ||||||||
| No | 2039/232 | Ref | 2039/232 | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 211/57 | 3.1 (2.1–4.5) | 55/32 | 3.4 (2.1–5.7) | ||||
|
UTI-ab | ||||||||
| No | 1110/169 | Ref | 1110/169 | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 632/68 | 0.79 (0.57–1.1) | 106/74 | 5.0 (3.4–7.4) | ||||
|
Number of UTI-ab | ||||||||
| 0 | 1110/169 | Ref | 1110/169 | Ref | ||||
| 1–2 | 302/21 | 0.59 (0.36–0.98) | 57/21 | 2.6 (1.4–4.5) | ||||
| 3–5 | 173/13 | 0.55 (0.30–1.0) | 26/19 | 6.3 (3.2–12) | ||||
| 6–10 | 81/13 | 1.3 (0.68–2.6) | 15/8 | 4.0 (1.5–11) | ||||
| ⩾11 | 64/16 | 1.2 (0.62–2.3) | 5/7 | 10 (3.0–35) | ||||
| Smoking statusc |
Never |
Ever |
Never |
Ever |
||||
|
Regular low-UTI | ||||||||
| No | 478/110 | Ref | 1470/1216 | Ref | 867/56 | Ref | 1165/176 | Ref |
| Yes | 5/10 | 7.4 (3.0–24) | 19/126 | 6.4 (3.9–11) | 167/32 | 2.8 (1.7–4.6) | 189/82 | 2.6 (1.9–3.7) |
|
UTI-ab | ||||||||
| No | 406/90 | Ref | 1161/1083 | Ref | 481/38 | Ref | 625/131 | Ref |
| Yes | 59/18 | 1.1 (0.61–2.1) | 265/174 | 0.71 (0.57–0.88) | 498/43 | 1.1 (0.67–1.7) | 680/101 | 0.71 (0.52–0.96) |
|
Number of UTI-ab | ||||||||
| 0 | 406/90 | Ref | 1161/1083 | Ref | 481/38 | Ref | 625/131 | Ref |
| 1–2 | 40/98 | 0.87 (0.39–1.9) | 177/94 | 0.58 (0.44–0.77) | 211/14 | 0.98 (0.51–1.9) | 318/29 | 0.51 (0.33–0.80) |
| 3–5 | 16/5 | 1.2 (0.39–3.5) | 59/37 | 0.76 (0.48–1.2) | 144/14 | 1.2 (0.60–2.3) | 188/18 | 0.43 (0.25–0.76) |
| 6–10 | 1/1 | 3.3 (0.20–54) | 10/13 | 1.1 (0.46–2.6) | 76/4 | 0.67 (0.23–2.0) | 81/18 | 1.2 (0.68–2.2) |
| ⩾11 | 0/1 | — | 2/10 | 4.6 (0.93–22) | 45/7 | 1.4 (0.56–3.5) | 62/16 | 0.92 (0.49–1.7) |
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; MIBC=muscle invasive bladder cancer; NMIBC=non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; OR=odds ratio; UTI=urinary tract infection; UTI-ab=urinary tract infection treated with antibiotics.
OR adjusted for age (at diagnosis for patients and at filling out questionnaire for controls), highest education, smoking status (current, never, former), pack-years cigarettes, use of aspirin, use of ibuprofen/brufen.
Median ages (in years) at onset UTI (with omission UTI <=5 years prior to age at UBC diagnosis/questionnaire): regular low-UTI males: 50.0; regular low-UTI females: 25; UTI-ab males: 42.0; UTI-ab females: 24.5
OR adjusted for age (at diagnosis for patients and at filling out questionnaire for controls), highest education, use of aspirin, pack-years cigarettes, use of ibuprofen/brufen.