Table 2. Anti-diabetic medication exposure among liver cancer cases and controls.
| Cases N=305 (%) | Controls N=1151 (%) | Crude ORa 95% CI | Risk factor-adjusted ORb 95% CI | Duration of diabetes-adjusted ORc 95% CI | Risk factor- and duration of diabetes-adjusted ORd 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-use (0–1 prescriptions) | 79 (25.9) | 336 (29.2) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Metformin-only | 38 (12.5) | 220 (19.1) | 0.70 (0.46–1.08) | 0.85 (0.53–1.37) | 0.62 (0.40–0.96) | 0.74 (0.45–1.20) |
| Other OH-only | 40 (13.1) | 120 (10.4) | 1.40 (0.89–2.20) | 1.42 (0.86–2.34) | 1.14 (0.72–1.80) | 1.10 (0.66–1.84) |
| Metformin+other OH | 99 (32.5) | 361 (31.4) | 1.19 (0.85–1.67) | 1.38 (0.94–2.02) | 0.85 (0.59–1.24) | 0.89 (0.58–1.37) |
| Metformin+insulin | 38 (12.5) | 90 (7.8) | 1.88 (1.18–2.99) | 2.11 (1.24–3.60) | 1.13 (0.67–1.92) | 1.11 (0.60–2.05) |
| Other OH+insulin | 7 (2.3) | 11 (1.0) | 2.67 (1.00–7.12) | 1.57 (0.46–5.38) | 1.63 (0.59–4.51) | 0.81 (0.23–2.85) |
| Insulin-only | 4 (1.3) | 13 (1.1) | 1.43 (0.44–4.63) | 1.29 (0.34–4.90) | 0.91 (0.27–3.03) | 0.72 (0.18–2.84) |
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; HBV=hepatitis B virus; HCV=hepatitis C virus; OH=oral hypoglycaemic; OR=odds ratio.
a
Conditional on matching factors.
b
Adjusted for BMI, smoking, alcohol-related disorders, HBV or HCV, rare metabolic disorders, statin and paracetamol use, conditional on matching factors.
c
Adjusted for duration of diabetes, conditional on matching factors.
d
Adjusted for BMI, smoking, alcohol-related disorders, HBV or HCV, rare metabolic disorders, statin and paracetamol use, and duration of diabetes, conditional on matching factors.