Table 4. HRs and 95% CIs for bladder cancer, by quintiles of flavonoids in the EPIC study.
|
Bladder cancer |
UCC |
Aggressive UCC |
Non-aggressive UCC |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of cases | Crude | Multivariable | No of cases | Crude | Multivariable | No of cases | Crude | Multivariable | No of cases | Crude | Multivariable | ||
| Intake | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||||
|
Total flavonoids | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | <175.8 | 354 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 325 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 109 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 81 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 175.8–275.8 | 326 | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 293 | 0.92 (0.78–1.07) | 1.02 (0.87–1.20) | 91 | 0.87 (0.66–1.16) | 0.98 (0.73–1.30) | 77 | 1.00 (0.73–1.38) | 1.16 (0.84–1.59) |
| Quintile 3 | 275.9–404.8 | 288 | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 256 | 0.84 (0.71–0.99) | 0.97 (0.82–1.16) | 78 | 0.80 (0.59–1.09) | 0.94 (0.69–1.28) | 78 | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) | 1.27 (0.91–1.77) |
| Quintile 4 | 404.9–658.4 | 289 | 0.75 (0.64–0.89) | 0.91 (0.76–1.08) | 259 | 0.77 (0.65–0.92) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 72 | 0.71 (0.52–0.98) | 0.86 (0.62–1.20) | 86 | 1.00 (0.72–1.40) | 1.30 (0.92–1.83) |
| Quintile 5 | >658.4 | 318 | 0.75 (0.62–0.90) | 0.91 (0.75–1.10) | 292 | 0.75 (0.62–0.91) | 0.92 (0.75–1.12) | 80 | 0.69 (0.49–0.98) | 0.86 (0.60–1.23) | 91 | 0.95 (0.66–1.35) | 1.26 (0.87–1.83) |
| P-trend | 0.002 | 0.23 | 0.004 | 0.30 | 0.039 | 0.36 | 0.69 | 0.34 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.91 (0.86–0.95) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.89 (0.81–0.99) | 0.96 (0.87–1.07) | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | |||||
|
Flavanols | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | <122.3 | 345 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 318 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 104 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 76 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 122.3–200.2 | 342 | 0.97 (0.84–1.13) | 1.07 (0.92–1.25) | 306 | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 97 | 0.96 (0.73–1.27) | 1.07 (0.80–1.42) | 83 | 1.13 (0.83–1.55) | 1.29 (0.94–1.77) |
| Quintile 3 | 200.3–311.1 | 267 | 0.74 (0.63–0.88) | 0.86 (0.72–1.01) | 238 | 0.74 (0.62–0.89) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 70 | 0.71 (0.52–0.97) | 0.83 (0.60–1.14) | 77 | 1.02 (0.73–1.41) | 1.23 (0.88–1.72) |
| Quintile 4 | 311.2–555.9 | 297 | 0.75 (0.63–0.89) | 0.90 (0.77–1.07) | 264 | 0.76 (0.63–0.90) | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 76 | 0.75 (0.54–1.03) | 0.90 (0.65–1.26) | 82 | 0.95 (0.67–1.33) | 1.22 (0.86–1.73) |
| Quintile 5 | >555.9 | 324 | 0.75 (0.62–0.90) | 0.91 (0.75–1.10) | 299 | 0.75 (0.62–0.90) | 0.91 (0.75–1.12) | 83 | 0.71 (0.50–1.00) | 0.89 (0.62–1.27) | 95 | 1.00 (0.70–1.44) | 1.33 (0.92–1.94) |
| P-trend | 0.002 | 0.25 | <0.004 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.76 | 0.32 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 0.98 (0.90–1.08) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | |||||
|
Flavan-3-ol monomers | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | <19.3 | 295 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 263 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 72 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 64 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 19.3–33.8 | 318 | 0.84 (0.71–0.99) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 284 | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 0.91 (0.76–1.08) | 90 | 0.94 (0.69–1.29) | 1.04 (0.76–1.43) | 75 | 0.92 (0.66–1.29) | 1.04 (0.74–1.46) |
| Quintile 3 | 33.9–79.7 | 369 | 0.82 (0.70–0.96) | 0.89 (0.76–1.06) | 336 | 0.84 (0.71–1.00) | 0.92 (0.77–1.10) | 107 | 1.00 (0.73–1.37) | 1.11 (0.81–1.54) | 110 | 1.13 (0.82–1.56) | 1.32 (0.95–1.84) |
| Quintile 4 | 79.8–376.0 | 263 | 0.72 (0.60–0.86) | 0.83 (0.69–1.01) | 234 | 0.71 (0.59–0.86) | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 71 | 0.79 (0.55–1.14) | 0.95 (0.65–1.37) | 76 | 0.99 (0.69–1.42) | 1.24 (0.85–1.80) |
| Quintile 5 | >376.0 | 330 | 0.74 (0.60–0.90) | 0.90 (0.73–1.11) | 308 | 0.74 (0.60–0.91) | 0.90 (0.72–1.12) | 90 | 0.80 (0.54–1.17) | 1.02 (0.68–1.51) | 88 | 0.93 (0.62–1.42) | 1.23 (0.80–1.88) |
| P-trend | 0.05 | 0.71 | 0.05 | 0.68 | 0.21 | 0.81 | 0.61 | 0.66 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | |||||
|
Proanthocyanidins | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | <82.8 | 370 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 341 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 114 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 78 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 82.8–125.9 | 306 | 0.83 (0.71–0.97) | 0.93 (0.79–1.08) | 281 | 0.84 (0.72–0.99) | 0.94 (0.80–1.11) | 83 | 0.77 (0.58–1.03) | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | 95 | 1.49 (1.1–2.02) | 1.49 (1.10–2.02) |
| Quintile 3 | 126.0–171.9 | 303 | 0.84 (0.72–0.99) | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 277 | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) | 99 | 0.96 (0.73–1.27) | 1.12 (0.85–1.50) | 75 | 1.32 (0.94–1.84) | 1.32 (0.94–1.84) |
| Quintile 4 | 172.0–239.4 | 273 | 0.76 (0.65–0.90) | 0.91 (0.76–1.08) | 241 | 0.77 (0.64–0.91) | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 62 | 0.64 (0.46–0.88) | 0.76 (0.54–1.07) | 68 | 1.24 (0.87–1.77) | 1.24 (0.87–1.77) |
| Quintile 5 | >239.4 | 323 | 0.73 (0.62–0.87) | 0.87 (0.73–1.05) | 285 | 0.75 (0.63–0.90) | 0.90 (0.74–1.09) | 72 | 0.70 (0.50–0.98) | 0.84 (0.59–1.20) | 97 | 1.38 (0.96–1.99) | 1.38 (0.96–1.99) |
| P-trend | <0.001 | 0.17 | 0.003 | 0.28 | 0.029 | 0.29 | 0.59 | 0.33 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.90 (80.82–0.99) | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.12 (1.00–1.25) | |||||
|
Theaflavins | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 0 | 685 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 615 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 176 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 179 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 0.1–0.6 | 225 | 0.82 (0.68–0.98) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 203 | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | 0.91 (0.75–1.10) | 67 | 0.92 (0.65–1.29) | 0.97 (0.69–1.37) | 53 | 0.96 (0.66–1.40) | 1.01 (0.69–1.48) |
| Quintile 3 | 0.7–5.2 | 221 | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 191 | 0.83 (0.69–1.01) | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) | 64 | 0.94 (0.67–1.31) | 1.06 (0.75–1.49) | 58 | 1.04 (0.73–1.49) | 1.18 (0.82–1.69) |
| Quintile 4 | 5.3–14.7 | 217 | 0.75 (0.61–0.91) | 0.88 (0.72–1.07) | 203 | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) | 0.91 (0.73–1.12) | 57 | 0.79 (0.54–116) | 0.94 (0.64–1.39) | 67 | 1.06 (0.72–1.57) | 1.28 (087–1.90) |
| Quintile 5 | >14.7 | 227 | 0.72 (0.59–0.88) | 0.86 (0.70–1.06) | 213 | 0.74 (0.60–0.92) | 0.89 (0.72–1.10) | 66 | 0.77 (0.53–1.11) | 0.94 (0.65–1.37) | 56 | 0.80 (0.53–1.20) | 0.97 (0.64–1.46) |
| P-trend | 0.07 | 0.79 | 0.10 | 0.87 | 0.35 | 0.95 | 0.63 | 0.71 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | |||||
|
Anthocyanidins | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | <11.4 | 389 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 364 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 120 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 98 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 11.4–18.6 | 365 | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 1.15 (0.99–1.33) | 333 | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 1.14 (0.98–1.33) | 105 | 1.05 (0.81–1.37) | 1.17 (0.90–1.54) | 90 | 1.09 (0.82–1.45) | 1.24 (0.92–1.66) |
| Quintile 3 | 18.7–27.1 | 297 | 0.92 (0.78–1.07) | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 270 | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 1.03 (0.88–1.22) | 67 | 0.75 (0.56–1.02) | 0.86 (0.63–1.17) | 85 | 1.14 (0.84–1.53) | 1.33 (0.98–1.80) |
| Quintile 4 | 27.2–41.6 | 289 | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 1.12 (0.95–1.33) | 246 | 0.94 (0.80–1.12) | 1.08 (0.90–1.28) | 76 | 1.03 (0.76–1.39) | 1.17 (0.85–1.60) | 66 | 1.00 (0.72–1.39) | 1.21 (0.86–1.69) |
| Quintile 5 | >41.6 | 235 | 0.94 (0.78–1.12) | 1.05 (0.87–1.27) | 212 | 0.97 (0.80–1.17) | 1.09 (0.90–1.33) | 62 | 1.06 (0.75–1.50) | 1.20 (0.84–1.72) | 74 | 1.21 (0.86–1.69) | 1.46 (1.03–2.09) |
| P-trend | 0.40 | 0.81 | 0.56 | 0.62 | 0.78 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.07 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.97 (0.92–1.01) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | 1.01 (0.93–1.11) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | |||||
|
Flavonols | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | <12.9 | 353 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 319 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 101 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 77 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 12.9–18.4 | 343 | 0.87 (0.74–1.01) | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 308 | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) | 0.92 (0.79–1.09) | 108 | 0.98 (0.74–1.30) | 1.04 (0.78–1.37) | 77 | 0.92 (0.67–1.28) | 1.02 (0.74–1.41) |
| Quintile 3 | 18.5–25.9 | 300 | 0.75 (0.64–0.89) | 0.81 (0.68–0.95) | 268 | 0.78 (0.65–0.92) | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) | 71 | 0.65 (0.47–0.89) | 0.69 (0.50–0.96) | 91 | 1.08 (0.78–1.48) | 1.25 (0.90–1.73) |
| Quintile 4 | 26.0–38.5 | 302 | 0.77 (0.65–0.91) | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) | 276 | 0.81 (0.67–0.96) | 0.88 (0.73–1.07) | 82 | 0.78 (0.55–1.06) | 0.83 (0.59–1.16) | 96 | 1.12 (0.80–1.57) | 1.35 (0.95–1.91) |
| Quintile 5 | >38.5 | 277 | 0.67 (0.56–0.81) | 0.75 (0.61–0.91) | 254 | 0.68 (0.56–0.84) | 0.76 (0.62–0.94) | 68 | 0.58 (0.41–0.84) | 0.64 (0.44–0.95) | 72 | 0.79 (0.54–1.16) | 0.99 (0.66–1.48) |
| P-trend | <0.001 | 0.009 | <0.001 | 0.022 | 0.003 | 0.020 | 0.26 | 0.88 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.88 (0.82–0.94) | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | 0.89 (0.82–0.95) | 0.93 (0.86–1.00) | 0.86 (0.75–0.97) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) | 1.04 (0.90–1.19) | |||||
|
Flavanones | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | <5.7 | 362 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 340 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 100 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 95 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 5.7–11.9 | 316 | 1.03 (0.88–1.20) | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 281 | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 1.07 (0.91–1.26) | 84 | 0.96 (0.72–1.29) | 1.06 (0.79–1.42) | 78 | 1.05 (0.77–1.42) | 1.15 (0.85–1.57) |
| Quintile 3 | 12.0–20.0 | 277 | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 251 | 0.92 (0.77–1.08) | 1.01 (0.85–1.19) | 81 | 0.99 (0.74–1.34) | 1.11 (0.82–1.50) | 73 | 1.02 (0.74–1.39) | 1.15 (0.84–1.58) |
| Quintile 4 | 20.1–33.0 | 322 | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 292 | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 1.15 (0.98–1.36) | 87 | 1.06 (0.79–1.43) | 1.21 (0.90–1.64) | 92 | 1.16 (0.86–1.57) | 1.34 (0.99–1.82) |
| Quintile 5 | >33.0 | 298 | 0.91 (0.76–1.07) | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) | 261 | 0.89 (0.75–1.07) | 1.03 (0.85–1.23) | 78 | 0.98 (0.71–1.36) | 1.14 (0.82–1.59) | 75 | 0.89 (0.63–1.25) | 1.08 (0.76–1.52) |
| P-trend | 0.26 | 0.75 | 0.32 | 0.70 | 0.91 | 0.36 | 0.56 | 0.65 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 1.05 (0.98–1.11) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | |||||
|
Flavones | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | <1.1 | 388 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 355 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 115 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 99 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 1.1–1.9 | 300 | 0.73 (0.62–0.85) | 0.81 (0.69–0.95) | 279 | 0.77 (0.65–0.91) | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | 88 | 0.76 (0.57–1.02) | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | 78 | 0.82 (0.59–1.12) | 0.93 (0.67–1.28) |
| Quintile 3 | 2.0–3.0 | 310 | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) | 0.87 (0.73–1.02) | 285 | 0.80 (0.67–0.95) | 0.92 (0.77–1.09) | 84 | 0.76 (0.56–1.04) | 0.89 (0.65–1.21) | 86 | 0.92 (0.66–1.27) | 1.08 (0.78–1.50) |
| Quintile 4 | 3.1–5.0 | 250 | 0.70 (0.59–0.83) | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | 227 | 0.74 (0.62–0.89) | 0.87 (0.77–1.04) | 64 | 0.69 (0.50–0.96) | 0.82 (0.58–1.15) | 65 | 0.79 (0.56–1.12) | 0.96 (0.68–1.36) |
| Quintile 5 | >5.0 | 327 | 0.78 (0.66–0.93) | 0.90 (0.76–1.08) | 279 | 0.81 (0.67–0.97) | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | 79 | 0.88 (0.64–1.23) | 1.04 (0.74–1.45) | 85 | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) | 1.05 (0.74–1.50) |
| P-trend | 0.10 | 0.73 | 0.14 | 0.85 | 0.73 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.68 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.99 (0.95––1.03) | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 1.01 (0.93–1.08) | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) | |||||
|
Isoflavones | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | <0.2 | 203 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 174 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 58 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 47 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 0.2–0.4 | 362 | 1.06 (0.88–1.28) | 1.01 (0.83–1.22) | 327 | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | 99 | 0.92 (0.65–1.30) | 0.85 (0.60–1.21) | 104 | 1.08 (0.75–1.55) | 1.06 (0.74–1.53) |
| Quintile 3 | 0.5–0.6 | 388 | 1.09 (0.90–1.32) | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 345 | 1.03 (0.84–1.27) | 0.96 (0.77–1.18) | 107 | 0.97 (0.68–1.38) | 0.85 (0.59–1.23) | 109 | 1.03 (0.71–1.49) | 1.01 (0.69–1.49) |
| Quintile 4 | 0.7–1.4 | 358 | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | 1.01 (0.81–1.26) | 332 | 1.04 (0.83–1.29) | 0.98 (0.78–1.24) | 93 | 0.92 (0.62––1.36) | 0.83 (0.55–1.26) | 90 | 0.93 (0.62–1.40) | 0.96 (0.62–1.47) |
| Quintile 5 | >1.4 | 264 | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | 0.93 (0.72–1.21) | 247 | 0.98 (0.76–1.26) | 0.93 (0.71–1.22) | 73 | 1.02 (0.65–1.59) | 0.91 (0.56–1.48) | 63 | 0.88 (0.55–1.41) | 0.93 (0.56–1.55) |
| P-trend | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.67 | 0.76 | 0.39 | 0.64 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 0.90 (0.80–1.00) | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | |||||
|
Lignans | |||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | <0.9 | 323 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 296 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 96 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 81 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Quintile 2 | 0.9–1.1 | 295 | 0.89 (0.75–1.04) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 263 | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) | 81 | 0.81 (0.59–1.09) | 0.81 (0.60–1.10) | 82 | 1.08 (0.78–1.47) | 1.15 (0.83–1.58) |
| Quintile 3 | 1.2–1.4 | 283 | 0.81 (0.68–0.96) | 0.83 (0.70–0.99) | 250 | 0.81 (0.67–0.97) | 0.83 (0.69–1.00) | 68 | 0.63 (0.45–0.88) | 0.63 (0.44–0.89) | 70 | 0.91 (0.65–1.28) | 1.00 (0.71–1.43) |
| Quintile 4 | 1.5–2.0 | 327 | 0.83 (0.69–1.00) | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | 294 | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) | 86 | 0.66 (0.46–0.93) | 0.65 (0.45–0.94) | 93 | 1.09 (0.76–1.55) | 1.23 (0.85–1.79) |
| Quintile 5 | >2.0 | 347 | 0.76 (0.62–0.92) | 0.78 (0.62–0.96) | 322 | 0.77 (0.63–0.95) | 0.79 (0.63–1.00) | 99 | 0.61 (0.42–0.89) | 0.59 (0.39–0.89) | 87 | 0.87 (0.59–1.29) | 1.02 (0.67–1.57) |
| P-trend | 0.015 | 0.042 | 0.037 | 0.09 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.40 | 0.93 | |||||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.89 (0.82–0.98) | 0.91 (0.82–1.00) | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | 0.87 (0.72–1.06) | 0.90 (0.75–1.07) | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | |||||
Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index; CI=confidence interval; EPIC=European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study; HR=hazard ratio; UCC=urothelial cell carcinoma.
Crude: stratified by sex, age (1 year) and centre.
Multivariable: stratified by sex, age (1 year) and centre and adjusted for energy, smoking intensity, BMI, physical activity, alcohol intake and highest educational level.