Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients.

Variable	Progression of carcinoid heart disease (n=13)	No progression of carcinoid heart disease (n=95)	Died prior to 2nd echo (n=29)	P-value
Demographics
Age (years)a	68±13	67±10	70±11	0.112
Male sex (no %)	5 (39%)	55 (58%)	16 (55%)	0.417
Follow-up (months)b	29 (13–41)	27 (12–37)	—	0.887
Clinical characteristics
Tumour grade (no %)
Grade 1	1 (8%)	55 (58%)	9 (31%)	0.007
Grade 2	3 (23%)	7 (7%)	2 (7%)
Grade 3	0	0	4 (14%)
Unknown	9 (69%)	33 (35%)	14 (48%)
Duration of disease (months)b	52 (27–138)	64 (40–88)	15 (9–59)	0.005
Site of primary tumour
Small bowel	8 (62%)	71 (75%)	19 (66%)	0.126
Large bowel	1 (8%)	7 (7%)	1 (3%)
Lung	0	1 (1%)	2 (7%)
Other	1 (8%)	1 (1%)	3 (10%)
Unknown	3 (24%)	15 (16%)	4 (14%)
Liver metastases	11 (85%)	80 (84%)	27 (93%)	0.473
Carcinoid syndrome	12 (92%)	63 (66%)	21 (72%)	0.151
Baseline carcinoid heart disease	9 (70%)	5 (5%)	12 (41%)	<0.001
Baseline echocardiographic score	9 (7.5–14)	3 (1–5)	5 (2.5–14.5)	<0.001
Baseline NT-proBNP (ng l−1)	267 (108–578)	84 (29–224)	401 (116–978)	0.001
Baseline 5-HIAA (nmol l−1)	2247 (807–2939)	316 (138–661)	1221 (167–437)	0.009
Therapeutic intervention
SSA therapy	12 (92%)	78 (82%)	17 (59%)	0.012
Primary tumour resection	6 (46%)	63 (66%)	7 (24%)	<0.001
Resection of hepatic metastases	1 (8%)	9 (10%)	2 (7%)	0.903
Interferon	0	8 (8%)	2 (7%)	0.547
Chemotherapy	0	10 (10%)	6 (21%)	0.111
Targeted radionuclide therapy	4 (31%)	27 (28%)	4 (14%)	0.259
Chemo-embolisation	1 (8%)	11 (12%)	0	0.154
Radio-frequency ablation	0	6 (6%)	0	0.25

^aMean±s.d.

^bMedian and interquartile range, SSA somatostatin analogue. Significant P-values (<0.05) are indicated in bold.