Table 4.
Comparison Between Different Definitions of Elder Mistreatment (EM) With Those Without EM
| No EM | Least Restrictive Definition | χ2 p | Moderate Restrictive Definition | χ2 p | Most Restrictive Definition | χ2 p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 2,340 | N = 815 (25.8%) | N = 540 (17.1%) | N = 439 (13.9%) | ||||
| Age, N (%) | |||||||
| 60–64 | 559 (23.9) | 121 (14.9) | 85 (15.7) | 65 (14.8) | |||
| 65–69 | 470 (20.1) | 172 (21.1) | 111 (20.6) | 86 (19.6) | |||
| 70–74 | 426 (18.2) | 179 (21.9) | 122 (22.6) | 100 (22.8) | |||
| 75–79 | 389 (16.6) | 167 (20.5) | 32.9 | 110 (20.4) | 17.1 | 86 (19.6) | 16.4 |
| ≥80 | 496 (21.2) | 176 (21.6) | .001 | 112 (20.7) | .002 | 102 (23.2) | .003 |
| Sex, N (%) | |||||||
| Male | 974 (41.6) | 352 (43.2) | .6 | 247 (45.7) | 3.7 | 230 (52.4) | 6.5 |
| Female | 1,366 (58.4) | 463 (56.8) | .44 | 293 (54.3) | .05 | 209 (47.6) | .011 |
| Education (years), N (%) | |||||||
| 0–8 | 1,201 (51.6) | 335 (41.4) | 192 (35.8) | 157 (36.0) | |||
| 9–12 | 683 (29.3) | 257 (31.7) | 31.3 | 179 (33.4) | 53.8 | 149 (34.2) | 38.4 |
| ≥13 | 445 (19.1) | 218 (26.9) | .001 | 165 (30.8) | .001 | 130 (29.8) | .001 |
| Income (USD), N (%) | |||||||
| $0–$4,999 | 769 (33.2) | 271 (33.6) | 175 (32.8) | 137 (31.7) | |||
| $5,000–$9,999 | 1,204 (52.0) | 413 (51.2) | 264 (49.5) | 212 (49.1) | |||
| $10,000–$14,999 | 225 (9.7) | 85 (10.5) | 0.6 | 63 (11.8) | 3.9 | 55 (12.7) | 7.4 |
| ≥$15,000 | 117 (5.1) | 38 (4.7) | .89 | 31 (5.8) | .27 | 28 (6.5) | .06 |
| Marital status, N (%) | |||||||
| Married | 1,639 (70.5) | 595 (73.6) | 390 (73.0) | 313 (72.3) | |||
| Separated | 39 (1.7) | 18 (2.2) | 15 (2.8) | 11 (2.5) | |||
| Divorced | 55 (2.4) | 19 (2.3) | 4.8 | 14 (2.6) | 6.2 | 11 (2.5) | 2.3 |
| Widowed | 591 (25.4) | 177 (21.9) | .18 | 115 (21.5) | .10 | 98 (22.6) | .51 |
| No. of children (%) | |||||||
| 0–1 | 332 (14.2) | 136 (16.7) | 102 (19.0) | 81 (18.6) | |||
| 2–3 | 1,311 (56.1) | 436 (53.7) | 3.3 | 288 (53.6) | 8.9 | 230 (52.7) | 5.5 |
| ≥4 | 694 (29.7) | 240 (29.6) | .19 | 147 (27.4) | .011 | 125 (29.7) | .06 |
| Living arrangement, N (%) | |||||||
| Living alone | 554 (23.7) | 125 (15.3) | 105 (19.4) | 83 (18.9) | |||
| 1–2 | 1,116 (47.7) | 458 (56.2) | 28.3 | 294 (54.4) | 5.4 | 242 (55.1) | 5.6 |
| ≥3 | 669 (28.6) | 232 (28.5) | .001 | 141 (26.1) | .06 | 114 (26.0) | .06 |
| Years—United States, N (%) | |||||||
| 0–9 | 536 (23.0) | 172 (21.2) | 116 (21.7) | 83 (19.1) | |||
| 10–19 | 701 (30.1) | 237 (29.3) | 154 (28.8) | 124 (28.5) | |||
| 20–29 | 606 (26.0) | 220 (27.2) | 1.9 | 139 (26.0) | 2.1 | 112 (25.8) | 10.0 |
| ≥30 | 487 (20.9) | 181 (22.3) | .60 | 126 (23.5) | .56 | 116 (26.6) | .019 |
| Years—Community, N (%) | |||||||
| 0–9 | 1,194 (51.1) | 436 (53.8) | 309 (57.8) | 235 (54.0) | |||
| 10–19 | 601 (25.7) | 189 (23.3) | 105 (19.6) | 92 (21.2) | |||
| 20–29 | 350 (15.0) | 115 (14.2) | 2.7 | 70 (13.1) | 14.6 | 63 (14.5) | 6.3 |
| ≥30 | 190 (8.1) | 70 (8.6) | .45 | 51 (9.5) | .002 | 45 (10.3) | .09 |
| Country, N (%) | |||||||
| Mainland China | 2,180 (93.2) | 748 (91.8) | 489 (90.6) | 399 (90.9) | |||
| Hong Kong/Macau | 72 (3.1) | 32 (3.9) | 22 (4.1) | 18 (4.1) | |||
| Taiwan | 27 (1.1) | 15 (1.8) | 13 (2.4) | 9 (2.0) | |||
| United States/Canada | 8 (0.3) | 3 (0.4) | 3.7 | 2 (0.4) | 7.6 | 2 (0.5) | 3.5 |
| Others | 53 (2.3) | 17 (2.1) | .45 | 14 (2.6) | .11 | 11 (2.5) | .47 |
| Health status, N (%) | |||||||
| Very good | 115 (4.9) | 25 (3.1) | 22 (4.1) | 19 (4.3) | |||
| Good | 890 (38.0) | 206 (25.3) | 138 (25.6) | 110 (25.1) | |||
| Fair | 962 (41.1) | 357 (43.8) | 79.1 | 234 (43.3) | 38.4 | 191 (43.5) | 31.7 |
| Poor | 373 (15.9) | 227 (27.8) | .001 | 146 (27.0) | .001 | 119 (27.1) | .001 |
| Quality of life, N (%) | |||||||
| Very good | 154 (6.6) | 62 (7.6) | 49 (9.1) | 37 (8.4) | |||
| Good | 1,069 (45.7) | 313 (38.4) | 215 (39.8) | 176 (40.1) | |||
| Fair | 1,045 (44.7) | 410 (50.3) | 13.3 | 246 (45.6) | 18.8 | 198 (45.1) | 20.1 |
| Poor | 70 (3.0) | 30 (3.7) | .004 | 30 (5.6) | .001 | 28 (6.4) | .001 |
| Health changes over the last year, N (%) | |||||||
| Improved | 195 (8.3) | 82 (10.1) | 60 (11.1) | 43 (9.8) | |||
| Same | 1,212 (51.8) | 322 (39.5) | 36.4 | 197 (36.6) | 38.2 | 166 (37.9) | 23.9 |
| Worsened | 932 (39.9) | 410 (50.4) | .001 | 282 (52.3) | .001 | 229 (52.3) | .001 |
Note: Bold values indicate p < .05.