Cell viability and proliferation were detected in human renal cancer cells transfected with pre-miR-646. 786-O (A) and ACHN (C) cells were transfected with miR-646 precursor, control precursor, NOB1-shRNA, non-treatment and control shRNA for 3 days as described in the methods section before measurement of the conversion of MTT to a coloured formazan product. A statistically significant delay of cell proliferation was observed after day 3. 786-O cells (B) and ACHN cells (D) were transfected with miR-646 precursor, control precursor, NOB1-shRNA, nothing and control shRNA for 3 days as described in the methods section, and the BrdU incorporation assay was performed. BrdU incorporation was decreased in the miR-646 group and NOB1-shRNA group compared to the controls at 3 days. Significant differences between transfected cells and mock-infected cells were determined using the two-tailed Student's t-test (**P<0.01, *P<0.05).