Fig. 1.

SA-related mutants exhibit WT-like flg22-induced phosphorylation of MPK6 and MPK3. WT plant and SA-related mutants (cim6, npr1 and sid2) were treated with SA (100 μM) for 24 h or flg22 (1 μM) for 10 min. Seedlings were then assayed for dual phosphorylation of the TEY motif in MPK3 and MPK6. Phosphorylated MAPKs corresponding to MPK3 and MPK6 is indicated. NT is representing control (H₂O) treated seedling. Activated MAPKs were detected by immunoblot using the antibody against Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Cell Signaling Technology). Signal detection was performed using the enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) western blotting detection kit (Bio-Rad). The experiment was performed three times with similar results. Prior to transfer to PVDF membrane, protein equal loading was checked by fluorescence image of Rubisco in the stain-free gels.