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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;54(4):279–286. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0b013e3181a1b9e7

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The role of late INa in ischemia/angina - Ischemia is represented as the classic paradigm of supply-demand which can be caused by any number of external factors. Once started, ischemia causes an increased late INa, which by mechanisms noted earlier, causes internal Ca loading and increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Increased LVEDP operates to exacerbate ischemia by actions on both limbs of the supply-demand mismatch. Increased LVEDP further decreases O2 supply by decreasing the pressure gradient in coronary arteries for diastolic flow. It increases demand by augmenting preload.