. 2014 Aug 7;5(8):e1360. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2014.326

Table 1. Differential expression and levels of E2F1 in various cancers are associated with different functions and outcomes.

Human cancer	E2F1 expression	Biological functions
Bladder cancer	Controversial in publications	Low E2F1 reactivity in tumor caused increased risk of progression to metastasis;⁸⁴ expression correlated with proliferation in superficial TCCs⁸⁵
Breast cancer	Increase^{85, 86, 87}	Poor survival and prognostic indicator;^{85, 86, 87} overexpression induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells⁸⁸
Cervical cancer	Increase; gene amplification^{89, 90, 91}	Aberrant cell cycle regulation;⁹² mediates overexpression of emerging markers for detection of high-grade cervical disease⁹³ mediates miRNAs in response to HPV E7⁹⁴
Colon cancer	Decrease^{2, 11} overexpression in lung and liver metastases of human colon cancer⁹⁵	Inversely associated with tumor growth;^{85, 96} upregulates c-Myc and p14^ARF and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells⁹⁷
Esophageal cancer	Increase; gene amplification⁹⁸	Poor survival;^{99, 100} positively associated with cell proliferation but not apoptosis;¹⁰¹ however, positively correlates with apoptosis and inversely correlates with cell proliferation in adenocarcinomas of Barrett esophagus¹⁰²
Gastric adenocarcinoma	Increase^{103, 104, 105} Higher expression in early stage I–II and lower expression in later stages¹⁰⁶	Adenovirus-mediated E2F1 overexpression induces apoptosis;¹⁰⁷ overexpression suppresses tumor cell proliferation^{108, 109}
GI stromal cancer	Increase¹¹⁰	Increased cell proliferation and adverse prognosis^{110, 111}
Glioblastoma	Increase¹¹²	Overexpression increases chemosensitivity¹¹³
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)	Increase; gene amplification^{114, 115, 116}	Correlated with enhanced tumor cell apoptosis;¹¹⁴ tumor-promoting roles in HCC cell lines or mouse models^{117, 118, 119, 120, 121}
Lung cancerNSCLC	Increase;^{122, 123} gene amplification¹²⁴	Growth-promoting factor associated with poor prognosis;¹²⁵ overexpression induces apoptosis¹²⁶
SCLC	Increase^{100, 127}	Involved in tumorigenesis by activation of EZH2 oncogene EZH2^{128, 129, 130}
Melanoma	Increase; gene amplification^{42, 47}	Overexpression induces apoptosis and growth inhibition;^{73, 131, 132, 133} induces autophagy;¹¹ controls proliferation by regulating AKT phosphorylation;⁶⁶ associated with progression and metastasis⁵⁰
Oral SCC	Increase¹³⁴	Associated with increased overall survival¹³⁵
Ovarian cancer	Increase^{136, 137, 138}	Overexpression induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells;⁸⁸ mediates cell cycle deregulation in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas;¹³⁶ determines balance between proliferation and cell death¹³⁹
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma	Increase¹⁴⁰	Tumor promoting and poor survival;⁵⁹ overexpression induces apoptosis and increases chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells^{60, 61}