Table 3.
Achievements in Isolating and Characterizing Factors from Torpid Animals with Therapeutic Potential
| Source Species | Source Tissue | Peptide/Protein | Pharmacologic Effect | Target Species/Tissue | Slate of Target Species | Administered | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JGS | brain | KKT = neokyotorphin | causes arousal from torpor; increases cardiac activity and respiration | JGS | early in bout | ip | [30] |
| JGS | brain | KT = kyotorphin (fragment of NKT) | inhibitory: decreases heart rate | JGS | awakened mid-bout | ip | [31] |
| JGS | brain | KT and NKT | alters behavior and EEG | rat | n/a | icv | [34] |
| JGS | brain | TSKYR | increases then decreases evoked activity | rat/medial septal slices | n/a | in culture media | [35] |
| DY | blocks evoked activity | ||||||
| JGS | brain | TSKYR | increases duration of inhibition (of evoked neuron activity) | JGS/medial septal slices | torpid | in culture media | [33] |
| TSKYR | shortens inhibition | awake | |||||
| TSKY | increases duration of inhibition | awake | |||||
| DY | decreases duration of inhibition | torpid | |||||
| AC, TLS | blood/plasma | 25kDa, 27kDa, 20kDa, 55kDa proteins | not tested; found as a 140KDa complex | not tested | n/a | n/a | [121] |
| TLS | brain | pp98 | not tested; associated with membrane fraction | not tested | n/a | n/a | [72] |